Effect of overhang on wind-driven rain wetting of facades on a mid-rise building: Field measurements

Abstract

Wind-driven rain (WDR) is one of the main sources of moisture damages in buildings. Roof overhangs are a common feature that can be used to reduce WDR on building facades. However, there is very limited information on the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of overhangs in reducing WDR on building façades, especially through field measurements. A six-story building with a low-sloped roof located in Vancouver has been equipped with a retractable overhang along with a rooftop weather station measuring wind speed, wind direction and horizontal rainfall and a total of 31 WDR gauges measuring WDR on building facades. The spatial distribution of WDR on the building façade has been studied without and with overhangs. The effectiveness of roof overhang is studied with respect to wind speed, wind direction and rainfall intensity. Field measurements show that for the particular climate characterized by long rainy winters with mild wind and rain, the overhang is effective and significantly reduces WDR for this six-story building, especially for areas directly underneath the overhang. The protection increases from the side edge to the center and from the bottom to the top of the façade. As expected, the larger overhang provides greater protection. The relationship between overhang effectiveness and distance from the roofline is quasi-linear with smaller gradient for the larger overhang. The effectiveness of the overhang is highly dependent on wind speed and wind direction-it increases for oblique winds but decreases with the increase of wind speed.

Rain sheltering analysis in semi-outdoor environments: case study on passenger comfort in a railway station shelter

“…In turn, the presence of neighboring buildings influence the WDR exposure on each other (Blocken et al 2009;Kubilay et al 2014Kubilay et al , 2015b. In addition to the large-scale influences of building size and shape and of surrounding environment, several studies show also a significant influence of small-scale facade features such as roof overhang (Blocken and Carmeliet 2007;Abuku et al 2009b;Foroushani et al 2014;Kubilay et al 2017;Ge et al 2017), cornices (Hangan 1999), window sills and balconies (Kubilay et al 2017), recessed facade (Briggen et al 2009). While past research on WDR discusses extensively the rain exposure and rain sheltering on building facades, the number of studies for pedestrian rain comfort within semi-outdoor environments is limited.…”