Effect of oxalic acid on Nosema ceranae infection

Nanetti, Antonio; Rodríguez‐García, Cristina; Meana, Aránzazu; Martín-Hernández, Raquel; Higes, Mariano

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.08.003

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, individual examination of living foragers was performed in the spring to obtain more accurate information on the disease prevalence and intensity. Lower rate of infection in the oxalic acid-treated group and lower mean count of spores per examined bee is in accordance with the results of Nanetti et al (2015), who used oxalic acid applied by trickling in the form of sugar syrup in Nosema ceranae-infected colonies. They show that oxalic acid-treated colonies overwintered in a better condition than colonies treated with sugar syrup only and the number of Nosema ceranae spores in living individuals was significantly reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of oxalic acid applied by sublimation on honey bee colony fitness: a comparison with amitraz

et al. 2016

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Oxalic acid is one of the organic acids used for controlling Varroa destructor, a mite parasitizing the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The aim of this work was to examine the effect of oxalic acid applied by sublimation on honey bee colony fitness, and to compare it with the effect of amitraz, a routinely used synthetic acaricide. Bee colonies of equal strength were randomly divided into two groups. In December 2014, one group was treated with amitraz in the form of aerosol, and the second group was treated with oxalic acid applied by sublimation. The colonies were monitored over winter. Dead bees found at the bottom of the hive were counted regularly and examined microscopically for infection with Nosema sp. (Microsporidia). At the end of March 2015, living foragers from each hive were sampled and individually examined for Nosema sp. infection. Colony strength was evaluated at the beginning of April. No adverse effect of oxalic acid on colony strength was observed despite the fact that the total number of dead bees was non-significantly higher in the oxalic acid-treated group. Examination of dead bees for Nosema infection did not reveal significant differences in spore numbers between the experimental groups. There was a substantial difference in living individuals, however, with a significantly higher amount of spores per bee found in the amitraz-treated colonies compared to the oxalic acid-treated colonies. Compared to amitraz, oxalic acid applied by sublimation showed no adverse effects on bee colony fitness or on successful overwintering.Apis mellifera, mite control, Nosema sp.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of oxalic acid applied by sublimation on honey bee colony fitness: a comparison with amitraz

et al. 2016

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“…spore loads and increased survival of infected bees [40]. While they were not tested in this study, promising results have also been seen with algal polysaccharides [41], oxalic acid [42] and porphyrins [43], all of which reduced N. ceranae spore loads when fed to bees in sugar syrup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Borges

Guzmán-Novoa

2020

PLoS ONE

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Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian parasite that causes nosemosis in the honey bee (Apis mellifera). As alternatives to the antibiotic fumagillin, ten nutraceuticals (oregano oil, thymol, carvacrol, trans-cinnmaldehyde, tetrahydrocurcumin, sulforaphane, naringenin, embelin, allyl sulfide, hydroxytyrosol) and two immuno-stimulatory compounds (chitosan, poly I:C) were examined for controlling N. ceranae infections. Caged bees were inoculated with N. ceranae spores, and treatments were administered in sugar syrup. Only two compounds did not significantly reduce N. ceranae spore counts compared to the infected positive control, but the most effective were sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables, carvacrol from oregano oil, and naringenin from citrus fruit. When tested at several concentrations, the highest sulforaphane concentration reduced spore counts by 100%, but also caused 100% bee mortality. For carvacrol, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 57% with an intermediate concentration and the maximum bee mortality was 23% with the highest concentration. For naringenin, the maximum reduction in spore counts was 64% with the highest concentration, and the maximum bee mortality was only 15% with an intermediate concentration. In the longevity experiment, naringenin-fed bees lived as long as Nosema-free control bees, both of which lived significantly longer than infected positive control bees. While its antimicrobial properties may be promising, reducing sulforaphane toxicity to bees is necessary before it can be considered as a candidate for controlling N. ceranae. Although further work on formulation is needed with naringenin, its effect on extending longevity in infected bees may give it an additional value as a potential additive for bee feed in honey bee colonies.

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“…It was also recently shown that the therapeutic doses of oxalic acid utilized for varroa control might inhibit the development of N. ceranae in laboratory and field conditions, both at the individual and colony levels (Nanetti et al ., ). There is also some evidence that formic acid fumigation may help to suppress Nosema (Underwood and Currie, ).…”

Section: Can N Ceranae Kill a Colony?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera: a 12 years postdetection perspective

Martín-Hernández

Bartolomé

Chejanovsky

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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166

118

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Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last 12 years in the field of N. ceranae research, addressing the routes of transmission, population structure and genetic diversity. This includes description of how the infection modifies the honey bee's metabolism, the immune response and other vital functions. The effects on individual honey bees will have a direct impact on the colony by leading to losses in the adult's population. The absence of clear clinical signs could keep the infection unnoticed by the beekeeper for long periods. The influence of the environmental conditions, beekeeping practices, bee genetics and the interaction with pesticides and other pathogens will have a direct influence on the prognosis of the disease. This review is approached from the point of view of the Mediterranean countries where the professional beekeeping has a high representation and where this pathogen is reported as an important threat.

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Effect of oxalic acid on Nosema ceranae infection

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

The effect of oxalic acid applied by sublimation on honey bee colony fitness: a comparison with amitraz

The effect of oxalic acid applied by sublimation on honey bee colony fitness: a comparison with amitraz

Control of the microsporidian parasite Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) using nutraceutical and immuno-stimulatory compounds

Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera: a 12 years postdetection perspective

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