Effect of Oxidized Myofibrils Protein Subjected to Mutiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles on N-Nitrosamine Formation in <i>In Vitro</i> Model System

Abstract

<jats:p>N-nitrosamine is a kind of carcinogenic substance, which is possibly formed in the reaction of nitrites with amino acids or secondary amines. Two in vitro model systems were designed to evaluate the influence of oxidized myofibrils protein subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 times) on N-nitrosamine formation. Model system I contains diethylamine and sodium nitrite, while model system II contains only sodium nitrite as reaction solution. Oxidized myofibrils protein were added to both systems. The results revealed that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, cross-linking of myosin heavy chains and the content of protein carbonyl increased, but the content of protein sulfydryl decreased, which indicates oxidization of protein occurred. The concentration of N-nitrosodiethylamine increased as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, especially after four cycles. Oxidized myofibrils protein promoted the formation of N-nitrosodiethylamine. The more the times of freeze-thaw cycles were subjected, the more oxidization of myofibrils protein occurred and the higher yield of the N-nitrosodiethylamine.</jats:p>

Effects of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Water Migration, Microstructure and Protein Oxidation in Cuttlefish

“…Freezing plays a major role in ensuring the distribution of meat products supplied to the world [6,7]. However, the freezing process produces ice crystals of varying sizes, which cause some mechanical damage to cell membranes and tissue structures, resulting in a reduction in quality [8]. The thawing process can also result in nutrient loss and reduction of soluble protein content.…”