The structural relaxations and the formation energies of intrinsic defects in cubic and orthorhombic CaTiO 3 were investigated by a first principles projector-augmented wave method. It was found that cations and oxygen vacancies in both phases cause extra levels near the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum, respectively, and the Ti-vacancy induced level in orthorhombic CaTiO 3 is closer to the valence band maximum than that in cubic CaTiO 3 . Among the neutral defect species, including neutral isolated vacancy, partial Schottky, and full Schottky, it was found that the V Ca 2À þ V O 2þ and V O 0 are the most preferable defect species for orthorhombic CaTiO 3 under reduction and oxidization conditions, respectively, whereas the V Ca 2À þ V O 2þ partial Schottky is always stable in any atmosphere in cubic CaTiO 3 . As compared to cubic CaTiO 3 , it was found that orthorhombic CaTiO 3 shows higher defect formation energies.