Effect of Ozone on the Stability of Solution-Processed Anthradithiophene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Nasrallah, Iyad; Banger, Kulbinder K.; Vaynzof, Yana; Payne, Marcia M.; Too, P.; Jongman, Jan; Anthony, John E.; Sirringhaus, Henning

doi:10.1021/cm501397y

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Here, we report characterization of the defect type of Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembled (LBSA) films from LPE graphene and subsequent defect patching with UV/ozone (UVO) treatment. We observe the effects that photochemical oxidation has on our films exposed to ozone, a very important gas adsorbate that significantly alters the properties of materials through doping, affecting the performance of electronic devices [14][15][16]. As shown earlier, oxidation spreads from edges inwards across the entire surface of graphene flakes [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Reducing sheet resistance of self-assembled transparent graphene films by defect patching and doping with UV/ozone treatment

Tomašević-Ilić

Jovanović

Popov

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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Highlights Photochemical oxidation (UV/ozone treatment) of self-assembled solution-processed graphene films is demonstrated for the first time  The effect that photochemical oxidation has on self-assembled graphene films is a reduction of sheet resistance, the opposite of the earlier reported effect on CVD or mechanically exfoliated graphene  Edges as the dominant defect type in self-assembled graphene films play a crucial role in the presented defect density decrease  Photochemical oxidation is proposed as a method of increasing the carrier mean free path, doping, and lowering sheet resistance of solution-processed graphene films Abstract Liquid phase exfoliation followed by Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembly (LBSA) is a promising method for scalable production of thin graphene films for transparent conductor applications.However, monolayer assembly into thin films often induces a high density of defects, resulting in a large sheet resistance that hinders practical use. We introduce UV/ozone as a novel photochemical treatment that reduces sheet resistance of LBSA graphene threefold, while preserving the high optical transparency. The effect of such treatment on our films is opposite to the effect it has on mechanically exfoliated or CVD films, where UV/ozone creates additional defects in the graphene plane, increasing sheet resistance. Raman scattering shows that exposure to UV/ozone reduces the defect density in LBSA graphene, where edges are the dominant defect type. FTIR spectroscopy indicates binding of oxygen to the graphene lattice during exposure to ozone. In addition, work function measurements reveal that the treatment dopes the LBSA film, making it more conductive. Such defect patching paired with doping leads to an accessible way of improving the transparent conductor performance of LBSA graphene, making solution-processed thin films a candidate for industrial use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Reducing sheet resistance of self-assembled transparent graphene films by defect patching and doping with UV/ozone treatment

Tomašević-Ilić

Jovanović

Popov

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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“…[ 9–16 ] Other instabilities have been investigated, arising from trace gases in the atmosphere. [ 17 ] Few studies have been concerned with finding solutions to mitigate these instabilities. We present a simple and generally applicable additive‐based technique that reduces the light‐induced degradation of small‐molecule based organic FETs.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several sources of impurities that can be present in the thin film of the small‐molecule. It is synthesized and stored in ambient air environments, which contribute oxygenated species to the film, [ 17 ] whether they are permanent bonds or charge transfer complexes. Also, since the diF‐TES ADT films are annealed for only 2 min at 100 ˚C, we assume there is still a solvent content.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Mitigation Mechanism for Photo‐Induced Trapping in an Anthradithiophene Derivative Using Additives

Nasrallah

Ravva

Broch³

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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A novel trap mitigation mechanism using molecular additives, which relieves a characteristic early turn‐on voltage in a high‐mobility p‐type acene‐based small‐molecule organic semiconductor, when processed from hydrous solvents, is reported. The early turn‐on voltage is attributed to photo‐induced trapping, and additive incorporation is found to be very effective in suppressing this effect. Remarkably, the molecular additive does not disturb the charge transport properties of the small‐molecule semiconductor, but rather intercalates in the crystal structure. This novel technique allows for the solution‐processing of small molecular semiconductors from hydrous solvents, greatly simplifying manufacturing processes for large‐area electronics. Along with various electric and spectroscopic characterization techniques, simulations have given a deeper insight into the trap mitigation effect induced by the additive.

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“…We recently reported on photophysical properties of a variety of functionalized pentacene (Pn) and anthradithiophene derivatives with high fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) and photostability, which makes them suitable for room-temperature SMFS studies in air . These molecules have been widely utilized in organic electronic devices, ,− and therefore, issues pertaining to the photophysics and stability affected by the nanoscale morphology are important for further utility of these molecules in applications and molecular design of improved structures. − One such derivative, a stable fluorinated Pn functionalized with tricyclohexylsilylethynyl (TCHS) side groups, F8 TCHS-Pn, is utilized as a single-molecule reporter, incorporated in PMMA, in the present study. As discussed above, an important consideration for organic semiconductor blends is how the nanoscale morphology evolves as molecules of other types (e.g., acceptors) are added to the blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Molecule Level Insight into Nanoscale Environment-Dependent Photophysics in Blends

et al. 2017

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Organic semiconductors have attracted considerable attention due to their applications in low-cost (opto)electronic devices. Many successful organic materials utilize blends of several types of molecules that contribute different functions (e.g., serving as donors and acceptors in solar cells). In blends, the local environment, which is inherently heterogeneous, strongly influences the (opto)electronic performance and photostability. We use functionalized fluorinated pentacene (F8 TCHS-Pn) molecules as single-molecule probes of the nanoscale environment in blends containing donor and acceptor molecules incorporated into a polymer (PMMA) matrix. Single F8 TCHS-Pn donor (D) molecules were imaged in PMMA in the presence of functionalized indenofluorene (TIPS-IF) or PCBM acceptor (A) molecules using wide-field fluorescence microscopy at various concentrations. Long-lived dark states attributed to a reversible formation of an endoperoxide (TCHS-EPO) were observed, and the EPO formation and reversal processes, which evolved upon acceptor addition, were quantified. Our study provides a nanoscale-level insight into how the presence of acceptor molecules alters the photophysics of the donor molecules dispersed in the polymer. Kinetics of the F8 TCHS-Pn photo-oxidation reaction and its reversal in such blends are determined by a fine balance of the acceptor-modified morphology (which in our case speeds up the photo-oxidation and slows down its reversal) and singlet oxygen quenching by acceptors (which prevents repeated photo-oxidation/reversal events).

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Effect of Ozone on the Stability of Solution-Processed Anthradithiophene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Reducing sheet resistance of self-assembled transparent graphene films by defect patching and doping with UV/ozone treatment

Reducing sheet resistance of self-assembled transparent graphene films by defect patching and doping with UV/ozone treatment

A Novel Mitigation Mechanism for Photo‐Induced Trapping in an Anthradithiophene Derivative Using Additives

Single-Molecule Level Insight into Nanoscale Environment-Dependent Photophysics in Blends

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