Effect of P-Reactive Drainage Aggregates on Green Roof  Runoff Quality

Karczmarczyk, Agnieszka; Baryła, Anna; Bus, Agnieszka

doi:10.3390/w6092575

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Only in the case of one of tested material-crushed limestone-P was not detected in water and hydrochloric acid extracts. The pH of material is high, what is typical for materials containing Ca, but it also creates a potential for being reactive for P leaching from other substrate components [59][60][61]. Gravel, sand, volcanic rock, and expanded clay were not the source of easily dissolved P, however they contain P than can contaminate the runoff in specific conditions (Table 3).…”

Section: Potential P Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff

2017

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Urbanization leads to higher phosphorus (P) concentration in urban catchments. Among different stormwater retention measures, green roofs are the least efficient in phosphorus retention. Moreover, much research has shown that green roofs act as sources of phosphorus, and they can emit P in significant loads. In this study low P emission green roof substrate was developed based on the proposed step by step procedure for the selection of materials including laboratory tests, column experiments, and the monitoring of the open air green roof model. Developed substrate is the mixture of crushed red brick (35% of volume), crushed limestone (20% of volume), and sand (45% of volume), and is characterized by a bulk density of 1.52 g/cm 3 , water permeability of 9 mm/min, water capacity of 24.6% of volume, and granulometric composition that meets the Landscaping and Landscape Development Research Society (FLL) guidelines. Limestone was added to limit the potential P leaching from crushed red brick and vegetated mate consisted of Sedum album, Sedum acre, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum spurium, Sedum reflexum, Sedum sexangulare, Dianthus deltoides, Dianthus carthusianorum, and Thymus vulgaris. The open air model experiment was run for 319 days, from March 2015 to February 2016. The total water runoff from the green roof model amounted to 43.3% of runoff from the reference roof. The only one runoff event polluted with phosphorus was connected with the outflow of melted snow from an unfreezing green roof model.

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Section: Potential P Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff

2017

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“…The accumulation of P leads to changes in terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecosystems, by eutrophication and ocean anoxic events; both processes are associated with loss of biodiversity and thus a reduction of natural resilience [1,[4][5][6]. According to Karczmarczyk et al [6], 1 g of P released into water bodies promotes the growth of up to 100 g of algae, enhancing eutrophication of surface water. Modelling analysis performed by Rockström et al [1] has shown that P inflow into oceans will increase 10 times in the next 1000 years, leading to extreme anoxic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NBS promote an efficient use of natural resources, human well-being and a socially inclusive green growth by replicating natural process and integrating ecosystem services into the human environment [7][8][9]. Several authors have demonstrated that NBS, such as constructed wetlands (CWs) and biological filter beds are environmentally friendly and efficient at removing P from water [5,6,[10][11][12]. In such systems, the filter medium plays an important role at recovering P, mainly by promoting absorption and precipitation processes [5,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crushed Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (CAAC), a Potential Reactive Filter Medium for Enhancing Phosphorus Removal in Nature-Based Solutions—Preliminary Batch Studies

Castellar

Formosa

Chimenos

et al. 2019

Water

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Phosphorus (P) is a limited resource and can promote eutrophication of water streams and acidification of oceans when discharged. Crushed autoclaved aerated concrete (CAAC), a by-product from demolition, has shown great potential for recovering P. The potential of CAAC to be used in nature-based solutions as a P-reactive filter medium was evaluated by performing preliminary batch essays. Here, we evaluated the interactions and main effects of the initial concentration of P (Pi; 5, 10 or 20 mg L−1), particle size (PS; 4 or 5 mm) and contact time (CT; 60, 180, 360, 720 and 1440 min) upon the removal. We performed physical and chemical characterization to understand the removal processes. Data collected were fitted in adsorption kinetic models. The statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between CT and Pi, with the combination of its main effects stronger on P removal than each one separately. Intriguingly, we noticed that the higher the concentration of Pi, the faster and higher the removal of P. Contrary to expectations, PS 5 mm showed higher removal rates than PS 4 mm, indicating that besides adsorption, other unidentified chemical processes are in place. Further studies using columns/pilots with real wastewater are recommended for a future follow-up.

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“…The primary functions of a drainage layer are to remove excess rain water but still retain some amount of water, while being light and thin. Recent studies have focused on the optimization of the drainage layer for the removal of nutrients released from the growing medium of a green roof during rainfall events [2]. On the other hand, the hydraulic behaviour of a green roof is strongly influenced by the characteristics of the growing medium, which must be highly permeable, in order to avoid ponding of water on the GR surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Hydraulic Behaviour of Growing Media with the Explicit Finite Volume Solution

Carbone

Brunetti

Piro

2015

Water

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Abstract:The increasing imperviousness of urban areas reduces the infiltration and evapotranspiration capacity of urban catchments and results in increased runoff. In the last few decades, several solutions and techniques have been proposed to prevent such impacts by restoring the hydrological cycle. A limiting factor in spreading the use of such systems is the lack of proper modelling tools for design, especially for the infiltration processes in a growing medium. In this research, a physically-based model, employing the explicit Finite Volume Method (FVM), is proposed for modelling infiltration into growing media. The model solves a modified version of the Richards equation using a formulation which takes into account the main characteristics of green infrastructure substrates. The proposed model was verified against the HYDRUS-1D software and the comparison of results confirmed the suitability of the proposed model for correctly describing the hydraulic behaviour of soil substrates.

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Effect of P-Reactive Drainage Aggregates on Green Roof Runoff Quality

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff

Design and Development of Low P-Emission Substrate for the Protection of Urban Water Bodies Collecting Green Roof Runoff

Crushed Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (CAAC), a Potential Reactive Filter Medium for Enhancing Phosphorus Removal in Nature-Based Solutions—Preliminary Batch Studies

Modelling the Hydraulic Behaviour of Growing Media with the Explicit Finite Volume Solution

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