Effect of paclobutrazol and cytokinin on growth and source–sink relationship during grain filling of black rice (Oryza sativa L. “Cempo Ireng”)

Dewi, Kumala; Darussalam,

doi:10.1007/s40502-018-0397-1

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Cytokinins play pivotal roles in plant growth and development processes, including cell division, seed germination, shoot meristem formation, expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, and senescence, and also mediate sink strength and source activity (Werner et al 2003;Gu et al 2018;Chen and Wei 2018;Dewir et al 2018;Wybouw and De Rybel 2019;Liu et al 2020). Cytokinins regulate the uptake and distribution of assimilates and partitioning of primary metabolites (Sakakibara et al 2006;Dewi and Darussalam 2018). Cytokinins, along with auxins and abscisic acid, play roles in nutrient remobilization in plants by modulating rate-limiting steps (Kuiper 1993;Werner et al 2008;Yu et al 2015;Hai et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar applications of thidiazuron and putrescine increase leaf iron and chlorophyll concentrations in iron-deficient pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

2021

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The study was aimed to determine the effects of foliar applications of thidiazuron and putrescine, two compounds that may cause iron (Fe) remobilization, in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) grown in controlled conditions under a limited Fe supply. In a first experiment, plants were grown in a greenhouse in a mixture of sand and perlite with pre-growth/growth Fe concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 µM, and treated three consecutive times with foliar sprays of 0 or 45.4 µM thidiazuron. In a second experiment, plants were grown in a greenhouse in hydroponics with pre-growth/growth Fe concentrations in the nutrient solution ranging from 0 to 20 µM, and treated three consecutive times with foliar sprays of 0, 2.27, or 5.67 mM putrescine. Parameters measured included leaf photosynthetic pigments and Fe concentrations, root ferric chelate reductase activities, photosynthesis rates and peroxidase in leaf extracts in the first experiment, and leaf photosynthetic pigments, leaf and root micronutrient concentrations, root ferric chelate reductase activities, and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf extracts in the second experiment. Results indicate that foliar thidiazuron and putrescine treatments in the µM and mM ranges, respectively, improve Fe transport to the leaf under zero or low supply of Fe. This indicates that foliar treatments with thidiazuron and putrescine increase remobilization of pre-existing plant Fe pools. This could be an additional tool for the optimization of Fe nutrition in ornamental plants such as C. officinalis when grown in controlled conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar applications of thidiazuron and putrescine increase leaf iron and chlorophyll concentrations in iron-deficient pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

2021

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“…'PJT', whereas both glucose and fructose were improved with PBZ treatment. It is possible that greater sucrose accumulation rate in the rhizome is due to the fact that rhizome act as sink organ (storage), and the leaf tissues represent source organ (biosynthesis) (Zheng et al, 2012;Dewi and Darussalam, 2018;Smith et al, 2018). In Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata cv.…”

Section: Discussion Discussion Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of curcuminoids, photosynthetic abilities, total soluble sugar, and rhizome yield traits in two cultivars of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using exogenous foliar paclobutrazol

Chungloo

Tisarum

Samphumphuang

et al. 2021

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants, commonly applied for growth regulation, yield improvement, and biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. However, the effects of PBZ on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; Zingiberaceae), a rhizomatous herb, have not been well established. The objective of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the effect of PBZ on two different varieties of turmeric plants, ‘Surat Thani’ (‘URT’; high curcuminoids >5% w/w) and ‘Pichit’ (‘PJT’; low curcuminoids <3% w/w). Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control, whereas it was unchanged in cv. ‘URT’. Interestingly, leaf greenness (SPAD value), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in cv. ‘PJT’ declined by 38.58% (340 µM PBZ) over control, as a result of low levels of total soluble sugars (TSS; 127.8 mg g-1 DW) in turmeric rhizome. A positive relation between photosynthetic abilities and aerial fresh weight was demonstrated. In addition, a negative relationship between TSS and total curcuminoids was evidently found (R2 = 0.4524). Curcuminoids yield in turmeric rhizomes significantly dropped, depending on the degree of exogenous foliar PBZ applications. In summary, cv. PJT was found to be very sensitive to PBZ application, whereas rhizome yield and growth traits and high amount of curcuminoids were retained in cv. ‘URT’. Plant growth retention in turmeric cv. ‘URT’ using 170 mM PBZ foliar spray without negative effects on rhizome biomass and total curcuminoids content was demonstrated.

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“…It was reported that the best effect was achieved using a combination of 150 mg L −1 of paclobutrazol and 160 kg ha −1 nitrogen, for which paclobutrazol increased the absorption and transportation of nitrogen in plant and significantly affected photosynthetic pigments to maintain a high duration of flag leaf area which increased the grain yield ( Nouriyani et al, 2012a ). Paclobutrazol was found to also reduce plant height and flag-leaf area of black rice, but increased sucrose and amylopectin content in the grain at a concentration of 50 ppm ( Dewi & Darussalam, 2018 ). Previous reports indicated that paclobutrazol was prone to regulation on physiological balance at early growth stages, but not on final yield of winter wheat directly ( Yang, Fan & Guo, 2008 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the tetrad to anthesis stage, cytokinin content in spikelets may be a regulatory mechanism. At the tetrad stage, ZR content in spikelets under the nitrogen topdressing with paclobutrazol treatment was significantly higher than that without the paclobutrazol application, which help to increase yield sink capacity ( Dewi & Darussalam, 2018 ). From this stage onwards, the contents of ZR and IPA and the expression level of TaCKX2.2 were higher for the nitrogen topdressing during 0–6 days after flowering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen topdressing and paclobutrazol at different stages on spike differentiation and yield of winter wheat

Batchelor

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Optimal nitrogen (N) application and plant growth regulators can improve wheat productivity. This can help to improve yield level and ensure food security with limited resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China (HPC). Methods A 2-year field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four treatments (TS-N topdressing at pseudostem erection stage ; TPS-N topdressing combined with paclobutrazol application at pseudostem erection stage; TJ-N topdressing at jointing stage; TPJ-N topdressing at combined with paclobutrazol application at jointing stage) in 2011–2013. Results The grain number per ear, thousand kernel weight and yield for the TJ and TPJ treatments were higher than those of the TS and TPS treatments. Grain number per ear, yield, and thousands kernel weigh for the TPJ treatment were significantly higher than for the TS and TPS in 2011–2012 (9.82% and 7.27%, 10.23% and 8.99%, 6.12% and 5.58%) and in 2012–2013 (10.21% and 11.55%, 8.00% and 6.58%, 0.00 and 0.00), respectively. Thousands kernel weight under TJ were significantly higher than those under TS and TPS by 13.21% and 14.03%, respectively in 2012–2013. The floret number, significantly correlated with cytokinin content, was also significantly increased under TJ and TPJ at connectivum differentiation stage. For TPJ treatment, the floret number was significantly higher than for the TS, TPS, and TJ by 19.92%, 10.21%, 6.10% in 2011–2012; it was higher than for the TS and TPS by 28.06% and 29.61% in 2012–2013, respectively. The relative expression level of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene (TaCKX2.2) was improved during flowering, when cytokinin content was at high level and was also inhibited by paclobutrazol with different degrees. Conclusions Therefore, nitrogen topdressing at jointing stage had increased grain number per ear, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield of wheat. Paclobutrazol could delay spike differentiation and promote cytokinin accumulation that induced expression of TaCKX2.2, maintaining hormonal balance and affecting wheat spike morphogenesis.

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Effect of paclobutrazol and cytokinin on growth and source–sink relationship during grain filling of black rice (Oryza sativa L. “Cempo Ireng”)

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Foliar applications of thidiazuron and putrescine increase leaf iron and chlorophyll concentrations in iron-deficient pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Foliar applications of thidiazuron and putrescine increase leaf iron and chlorophyll concentrations in iron-deficient pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Regulation of curcuminoids, photosynthetic abilities, total soluble sugar, and rhizome yield traits in two cultivars of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using exogenous foliar paclobutrazol

Effects of nitrogen topdressing and paclobutrazol at different stages on spike differentiation and yield of winter wheat

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