Effect of paclobutrazol on growth, chloroplast pigments and sterol biosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.)

Khalil, Iftikhar Hussain; Rahman, Hidayat Ur

doi:10.1016/0168-9452(94)04028-f

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…() found an increase in cob size when UCZ was applied at early growth stages, pointing to the impact of application time on yield performance. The application of PAC always resulted in shorter internodes and reduced plant height (Dale & Drennan, ; Iremiren, Adewumi, Aduloju, & Ibitoye, ; Khalil & Rahman, ). Concomitantly thicker culms, broader leaves and significantly higher cob weights at maturity were obtained (Iremiren et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

Hütsch

Schubert

2017

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Possibilities to improve maize harvest index and nutrient utilization efficiency by application of plant growth regulators were investigated. In container experiments, the effects of different growth regulators on the development of the maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas were tested. Paclobutrazol (PAC) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC), two inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA3) were applied at growth stage V5. Three weeks after application of PAC, shoot growth of both maize cultivars was strongly affected with a significant decrease in plant height in the PAC treatment by 44% and 36% for Pioneer 3906 and Fabregas, respectively. The growth‐retarded plants had higher leaf areas and reduced transpiration rates. The higher shoot growth after GA3 application was accompanied by a reduction in leaf area and an increase in transpiration rate during 1 week before anthesis. CCC treatment showed no significant effects on plant height, leaf area and transpiration rate. The PAC‐treated cultivar Pioneer 3906 produced several cobs per plant, which were mainly barren at maturity. However, PAC application to Fabregas resulted in just one cob per plant with good kernel development and a grain yield, which was not significantly reduced in comparison with the control. With this similar grain yield in combination with a straw yield decrease of 32%, the harvest index was significantly improved by 12%. In addition, with PAC‐treated Fabregas plants, a 19% increased water use efficiency of the grain (WUEgrain) during the critical period of kernel setting was achieved. In this maize cultivar, CCC application also improved harvest index by 5%, but no effect on WUEgrain occurred. GA3 treatment decreased harvest index of both maize cultivars, and it either reduced WUEgrain (Pioneer 3906) or showed no effect (Fabregas). Utilization efficiencies of N, P and K were not increased with growth regulator application, even in the PAC‐treated Fabregas plants with a significantly improved allocation of assimilates to the grain, mirrored by the higher harvest index. The results indicate that fertilizer applications must be adjusted to the reduced demand of growth‐retarded plants, most likely leading to higher nutrient utilization efficiencies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

Hütsch

Schubert

2017

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Many forms of sterols are localized in membranes, but only free sterols play an important role in the permeability of plant membranes. Qualitative and/or quantitative differences in composition of sterol, which was caused by environmental stress, would reflect the relative abilities of plants to regulate membrane permeability to ions, to tolerate or to adapt to environmental stress [25,26,29] . So in this experiment, the increase of sterol content probably revealed that P. maackianus could resist algal stress by improving the capacities to regulate the permeability of its cell membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the control, the compounds released by the toxic stems of M. aeruginosa affected the content of 4-demythel sterol in P. maackianus. Along with the algal concentration going up, 24-ethyl sterol (sitosterol and stigmasterol) content in plants increased more than that of 24-methyl sterol (campesterol), moreover, the ratio between campesterol and stigmasterol plus sitosterol decreased from 18.5% to 16.2%, which showed that M. aeruginosa affected the second alkyl side chain at C-24 position of plant sterol in the biosynthesis process of sterol in vivo P. maackianus [24][25][26][27] . The first deteriorative change during stress injury is an alteration in the structure and function of cell membranes, which results in an impaired ability to retain solutes [28] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterol of Potamogeton maackianus and its change under the stress of Microcystis aeruginosa

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2008

Wuhan Univ. J. Nat. Sci.

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The phytosterol in Potamogeton maackianus was identified and quantified. From the hexane extracts analysis of unsaponifiable fraction of P. maackianus by gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GC-MS), campesterol, stigmasterol and ȕ-sitosterol were the main phytosterols in P. maackianus with the contents of 0.368, 1.17 and 0.824 mg·g 1 , respectively. After 7 days' exposure under M. aeruginosa, the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol and ȕ-sitosterol in P.maackianus increased by 23.1%, 40.4% and 40.8%, respectively. Both the contents of 24-ethyl sterols (sitosterol and stigmasterol) and 24-methyl sterol (campesterol) in macrophytes increased, but the percentage of total sterol composition did not change significantly. This result indicated that the content of 4-demethyl sterols and the second alkylation of the phytosterol side-chain at C-24 in P. maackianus were affected by M. aeruginosa.

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“…Uniconazole S3307 is a category of triazole that regulates the growth of plants and protects them from abiotic stresses by inhibiting the synthesis of gibberellin (Fletcher and Hofstra 1990;Fletcher et al 2001;Mizutani 2006;Saito et al 2006). One of the conspicuous responses of plants to treatment with triazoles is that they are darker green with more chlorophyll than that in the controls (Davis et al 1988;Fletcher and Hofstra 1990;Khalil and Rahman 1995). The regulation and protection effects of uniconazole could induce tolerance to water deficiency ).…”

Section: Effect Of Uniconazole S-3307 and Abt Root-promoting Powder Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

RNA Interference-Based Transgenic Maize Resistant to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

Zhang

Gou

et al. 2010

J. Plant Biol.

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Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is a widespread pathogenic virus that causes serious loss of yield in maize (Zea mays). RNA interference (RNAi) triggered by hairpin RNA (hpRNA) transcribed from a transgenic inverted-repeat sequence is an effective way to defend against viruses in plants. In this study, an hpRNA expression vector containing a sense arm and an antisense arm of 150 bp separated by an intron of the maize actin gene was constructed to target the P1 protein (protease) gene of MDMV and used to transform Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105. The transformed Agrobacterium strain was used to transform maize embryonic calli isolated from immature embryos by an improved culture technique. In all, 46 plants were regenerated after stringent hygromycin B selection, and 18 of them were certified to be positive by PCR amplification. Of these positive plants, 13 were grown to produce offspring, and nine were identified by Southern blotting to have the transgene integrated with one or two copies. The resistance of three T 2 lines was evaluated in a field trial of dual MDMV inoculation in two environments and was found to be improved compared with the non-transformed control. The disease indexes of the transgenic plant lines h2, 13, and h1 were not significantly different from the highly resistant control line H9-21. The viral titers of the inoculated plants were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and the result was in accord with the resistance evaluated in the field trial. The addition of uniconazole S3307 (0.25 mgl −1 ) and ABT rootpromoting powder (0.5 mg l −1 ) showed a significant improvement of hardening in regenerated plantlets, which were stronger and generated a better fibrous root system than the control. This improvement could facilitate the transgenic operation of maize.

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Effect of paclobutrazol on growth, chloroplast pigments and sterol biosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.)

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis

Phytosterol of Potamogeton maackianus and its change under the stress of Microcystis aeruginosa

RNA Interference-Based Transgenic Maize Resistant to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

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