Effect of palm oil biodiesel blends (B10 and B20) on physical and mechanical properties of nitrile rubber elastomer

Veza, Ibham; Zainuddin, Zulkarnain; Tamaldin, Noreffendy; Idris, Muhammad Asri; Irianto, Irianto; Fattah, I.M. Rizwanul

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100787

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Although the outstanding properties of palm oil as a biolubricant, it may affect the mechanical properties of the polymers in the long term due to the property of high viscosity. 56 In the future, studies can be carried out to improve the biolubricant's properties to ensure its long-term usage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of build orientation on the green tribological properties of multi-jet fusion manufactured PA12 parts

Gavcar,

Sumer,

Sagbas

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a newly developed technology for manufacturing parts from three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) models by depositing a material layer on layer. Multi-jet fusion (MJF) is one of the AM technologies that can be used for manufacturing functional parts like gear, linear, bearing, etc., by polymers. In various applications, technical processes, design of tribological systems, optimum lubrication, and reduction of wear and friction are significant performance criteria to provide energy and material conservation. The development of green tribological applications offers essential solutions to problems of ecosystem pollution and energy from a global point of view to increase sustainability. In this article, the green tribological behavior of Polyamide 12 (PA12) parts, manufactured by MJF with different build orientations was evaluated by ball-on-disc tribological tests under different normal loads and lubricated environments. Mechanical profilometer and digital microscope were used to evaluate surface quality and morphology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the samples’ wear characteristics. The maximum surface roughness was measured for the part having a build orientation of 45°. The maximum coefficient of friction value was determined as 0.355 for the sample with 45° orientation under 5 N load and dry environment. The maximum wear rate value was determined as 2.3249 × 10−4 mm3/Nmm for the sample with 0° orientation under 10 N load and dry state. The differences between build orientations should be considered when evaluating tribological properties. This article provides a new perspective to researchers and practitioners toward green tribology of polymer AM parts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of build orientation on the green tribological properties of multi-jet fusion manufactured PA12 parts

Gavcar,

Sumer,

Sagbas

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…One of the possibilities to improve the fuel properties and make it more compatible with compression-ignition engines is blending biofuels with conventional diesel fuel [227][228][229]. The first and most important suggestion from many points of view for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable energy practices is utilizing the optimum blend ratio of conventional fuels with biofuels [230][231][232].…”

Section: Blending Biofuels With Traditional Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Implications of the Use of Biofuels in Agricultural and Industrial Compression-Ignition Engines with a Special Focus on the Interactions with (Bio)lubricants

Piri,

Renzi,

Bietresato

2023

Energies

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The environmental sustainability of agricultural and industrial vehicles, as well as of the transportation sector, represents one of the most critical challenges to the sustainable development of a nation. In recent decades, compression-ignition engines have been widely used in on-road and off-road vehicles due to their better fuel economy, autonomy, compactness, and mechanical performance (spec. the high torque values). Due to the consistent environmental impact of fossil fuels, scientists are searching for alternative energy sources while preserving the beneficial features of diesel engines. The utilization of blends of diesel fuel, biodiesel, and bioethanol fuel (referred to as “ternary blends”) is among the most promising solutions for replacing fossil fuels in the near term, allowing, at the same time, us to continue using existing vehicles until new technologies are developed, consolidated and adapted to the agricultural and industrial sector. These ternary blends can lower exhaust emissions without creating major problems for existing fuel-feeding systems, typically designed for low-viscosity fossil fuels. One of the concerns in using liquid biofuels, specifically biodiesel, is the high chemical affinity with conventional and bio-based lubricants, so the main parameters of lubricants can vary significantly after a long operation of the engine. The comprehensive literature review presented in this article delves into the technical challenges, the main research pathways, and the potential solutions associated with the utilization of biofuels. Additionally, it investigates the emerging application of nanoparticles as additives in lubricants and biofuels, highlighting their valuable potential. This study also discusses the potential implementation of bio-ethanol in ternary blends, offering a promising avenue for reducing reliance on fossil fuels while maintaining engine efficiency.

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“…While increasing the biodiesel concentrations, density and viscosity are increased when compared with neat fuels. With higher biodiesel mixes, the elastomer increased mass change by 58.1%, volume change by 58%, tensile strength by 53.5%, and hardness by 52% compared with base fuel …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With higher biodiesel mixes, the elastomer increased mass change by 58.1%, volume change by 58%, tensile strength by 53.5%, and hardness by 52% compared with base fuel. 23 At 25, 50, and 70 °C, the compatibility of B0, B10, B20, and BD100 palm biodiesel blends with automotive polymeric materials such as polypthalamide and polyarylamide was examined. At higher temperatures, both polymeric materials showed a large mass increase.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility Effects of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blend on Fuel System Elastomers in Compression Ignition Engines

Venkatesan,

Krishnaiah,

Prasad

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Alternative energy sources, such as biodiesel, play a vital role in environmental protection. Waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel has promising applications in compression ignition engines. A major problem regarding biodiesel implementation is the deterioration and materials incompatibility of existing fuel system components with biodiesel. Variations in the composition of fuel prompted by the inclusion of biodiesel cause a variety of issues in diesel engine fuel systems where the elastomer is generally utilized as the fuel hose material and sealings. In this experimental work, the effects of the diesel and WCO biodiesel blends (B8, B16, B24, and B100) on Buna-N, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and polystyrene (PS) were examined by the immersion test, which was conducted for 160 h at various immersion temperatures of 30, 60, and 80 °C, respectively. The study also showed that the use of elastomer materials like Buna-N, EPR, and PS in diesel engines fueled up to 20% WCO biodiesel blends is advantageous; the overall compatibility improves by 100% compared to that obtained using neat diesel. The outcome revealed remarkable behavior changes, including a minor increase in volume and a slight loss in tensile strength and hardness compared to that observed using neat diesel fuel. The expansion of rubber materials increases over 60 °C, although the rate of this process decreases above 80 °C. It has been found that the expansion of rubber materials is unaffected by the acid concentration of the WCO biodiesel blends but significantly affected by the moisture content.

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Effect of palm oil biodiesel blends (B10 and B20) on physical and mechanical properties of nitrile rubber elastomer

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of build orientation on the green tribological properties of multi-jet fusion manufactured PA12 parts

Effect of build orientation on the green tribological properties of multi-jet fusion manufactured PA12 parts

Technical Implications of the Use of Biofuels in Agricultural and Industrial Compression-Ignition Engines with a Special Focus on the Interactions with (Bio)lubricants

Compatibility Effects of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blend on Fuel System Elastomers in Compression Ignition Engines

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