Effect of Palmitic Acid on Exosome-Mediated Secretion and Invasive Motility in Prostate Cancer Cells

Abstract

High fat consumption can enhance metastasis and decrease survival in prostate cancer, but the picture remains incomplete on the epidemiological and cell-biological level, impeding progress toward individualized recommendations in the clinic. Recent work has highlighted the role of exosomes secreted by prostate cancer cells in the progression of the disease, particularly in metastatic invasion, and also the utility of targeting these extracellular vesicles for diagnostics, as carriers of disease progression markers. Here, we investigated the question of a potential impact of the chief nutritional saturated fatty acid on the exosome secretion. Palmitic acid decreased the secretion of exosomes in human prostate cancer cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same time, the content of some prospective metastatic markers in the secreted exosomal fraction was also reduced, as was the ability of the cells to invade across extracellular matrix barriers. While by themselves our in vitro results imply that on the cell level, palmitic acid may be beneficial vis-à-vis the course of the disease, they also suggest that, by virtue of the decreased biomarker secretion, palmitic acid has the potential to cause unjustified deprioritization of treatment in obese and lipidemic men.

Effect of Physiological Oxygen on Primary Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Cultures

“…PC3 cells were obtained from a colleague who had purchased them directly from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA, USA). 19 Cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1× antibiotic/antimycotic (Corning, Corning, NY, USA). Cells were maintained in a 5% CO 2 , humidified, room air, 37°C incubator for propagation.…”

An Examination of the Putative Role of Melatonin in Exosome Biogenesis

“…This contrasts with the application of long-chain saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid on exosome release (Maly and Hofmann, 2020). It was suggested that the addition of 25 µM palmitic acid suppressed exosome release from prostatic carcinoma PC3 cells (Maly and Hofmann, 2020).…”

“…This contrasts with the application of long-chain saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid on exosome release (Maly and Hofmann, 2020). It was suggested that the addition of 25 µM palmitic acid suppressed exosome release from prostatic carcinoma PC3 cells (Maly and Hofmann, 2020). The selective inhibition of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes such as neutral sphingomyelinase reduced exosome secretion from neural cell lineages (Yuyama et al, 2012).…”

Combination of Palmitic Acid and Methylseleninic Acid Induces Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis via Attenuation of the IRE1α Arm and Enhancement of CHOP in Hepatoma

“…Although some studies have shown that PA has potential tumorigenic properties, there are also reports that PA decreases the cell membrane fluidity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and restricts glucose metabolism. , Moreover, PA downregulates the expression levels of mTOR and STAT3, reduces cancer cell proliferation, impairs cell invasiveness, and inhibits tumor growth in LM3 xenograft mouse models . In breast cancer, PA induces a functionally different transcription program, which reduces the expressions of HER2 and HER3. , Additionally, PA plays an important role in the secretion of exosomes from cancer cells …”

“…1,4 Additionally, PA plays an important role in the secretion of exosomes from cancer cells. 5 Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, and it plays an indispensable role in organisms, such as anticancer, immune regulation, detoxification, and antioxidation. Lack of selenium can cause a series of diseases.…”