Effect of Panel Construction on the Ballistic Performance of Multiply 3D through-the-Thickness Angle-Interlock fabrIc Reinforced Composites

Min, Shengnan; Chai, Yuan; Chu, Ying; Chen, Xiaogang

doi:10.3390/polym11020198

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…According to Min et al [35], the region where delamination is most widespread is the area where the impactor stopped, which is the last penetrated layer. Thus, the delamination is most notable with the conical projectile where the penetration into the specimen is higher than the blunt, Figure 10a.…”

Section: Failure Mechanism By Ct Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact

Rubio

Díaz-Álvarez

Bernier

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This work focuses on the combination of two complementary non-destructive techniques to analyse the final deformation and internal damage induced in aramid composite plates subjected to ballistic impact. The first analysis device, a 3D scanner, allows digitalising the surface of the tested specimen. Comparing with the initial geometry, the permanent residual deformation (PBFD) can be obtained according to the impact characteristics. This is a significant parameter in armours and shielding design. The second inspection technique is based on computed tomography (CT). It allows analysing the internal state of the impacted sample, being able to detect possible delamination and fibre failure through the specimen thickness. The proposed methodology has been validated with two projectile geometries at different impact velocities, being the reaction force history on the specimen determined with piezoelectric sensors. Different loading states and induced damages were observed according to the projectile type and impact velocity. In order to validate the use of the 3D scanner, a correlation between impact velocity and damage induced in terms of permanent back face deformation has been realised for both projectiles studied. In addition, a comparison of the results obtained through this measurement method and those obtained in similar works, has been performed in the same range of impact energy. The results showed that CT is needed to analyse the internal damage of the aramid sample; however, this is a highly expensive and time-consuming method. The use of 3D scanner and piezoelectric sensors is perfectly complementary with CT and could be relevant to develop numerical models or design armours.

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Section: Failure Mechanism By Ct Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact

Rubio

Díaz-Álvarez

Bernier

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…The Z-warp (interlocking warp) yarns in 3D fabrics bind the weft layers together, providing enhancement through the panel thickness, and effectively suppressing large local deformations upon impact [8]. Moreover, previous studies shown that the 3D woven through-the-thickness angle-interlock fabrics exhibit excellent mouldability, which can reinforce complex doubly-curved shapes, such as female body armor and ballistic helmets, in single-piece [9][10][11]. However, the differences in the ballistic responses and failure mechanisms of the 2D plain and 3D angle-interlock fabrics are still not understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on the Effect of Z-Warps on the Ballistic Responses of Para-Aramid 3D Angle-Interlock Fabrics

et al. 2021

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In order to achieve an efficient ballistic protection at a low weight, it is necessary to deeply explore the energy absorption mechanisms of ballistic fabric structures. In this paper, finite element (FE) yarn-level models of the designed three-dimensional (3D) angle-interlock (AI) woven fabrics and the laminated two-dimensional (2D) plain fabrics are established. The ballistic impact responses of fabric panels with and without the interlocking Z-warp yarns during the projectile penetration are evaluated in terms of their energy absorption, deformation, and stress distribution. The Z-warps in the 3D fabrics bind different layers of wefts together and provide the panel with structural support along through-the-thickness direction. The results show that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of 3D fabrics is up to 88.1% higher than that of the 2D fabrics. The 3D fabrics has a wider range of in-plane stress dispersion, which demonstrates its structural advantages in dispersing impact stress and getting more secondary yarns involved in energy absorption. However, there is a serious local stress concentration in 2D plain woven fabrics near the impact location. The absence of Z-warps between the layers of 2D laminated fabrics leads to a premature layer by layer failure. The findings are indicative for the future design of ballistic amors.

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“…As a result, composite material, which is reinforced with 3D warp interlock fabric, exhibit higher inter-laminar fracture toughness owing to the presence of binding warp yarns within all the structure [2]. Additionally, 3D woven composites have higher delamination resistance, which is a suitable property for thick composite material [3–6] as well as for ballistic applications [7–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

Korkmaz

Okur

Labanieh

et al. 2021

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Composite materials which are reinforced with 3D warp interlock fabrics have outstanding mechanical properties such as higher delamination resistance, ballistic damage resistance and impact damage tolerance by means of their improved structural properties. Textile reinforcements are exposed to large deformations in the production stage of composite materials which have complex shape. Although good formability properties of 3D warp interlock fabrics in forming process were already proven by recent studies, further information is needed to elucidate forming behaviours of multi-layer fabrics which is produced with high stiffness yarns like carbon. In this study, 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics were produced on a prototype weaving loom and the same carbon yarn was used in two fabric directions with equal number of yarn densities. Fabrics were differentiated with regard to the presence of stuffer warp yarn, weave pattern and parameters of binding warp yarn which are angle and depth. Therefore, the effect of fabric architecture on the mechanical and formability properties of 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics could be clarified. Three different breaking behaviours of fabrics were detected and they were correlated with crimp percentages of yarn groups. In addition, the bending and shear deformations were analysed in view of parameters of fabric architectures. Two distinct forming behaviours of fabrics were determined according to the distribution of deformation areas on fabrics. Moreover, the optimal structure was identified for forming process considering the fabric architecture.

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Effect of Panel Construction on the Ballistic Performance of Multiply 3D through-the-Thickness Angle-Interlock fabrIc Reinforced Composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact

Postmortem Analysis Using Different Sensors and Technologies on Aramid Composites Samples after Ballistic Impact

Numerical Study on the Effect of Z-Warps on the Ballistic Responses of Para-Aramid 3D Angle-Interlock Fabrics

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

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