Effect of Parameter Variation on the Viscosity of Ethanol Gel Propellants

Carer, Chloé; Driever, Leonhard; Köbben, Stein; Mckenzie, Max; Rhenman, Fredrik; Sype, Onno Van de; Toorn, Jesse van der; Wezel, Casper van; Veiga, Constança Miranda de Andrade; Vinarskis, Aleksandrs; Jyoti, Botchu Vara Siva

doi:10.1590/jatm.v13.1196

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[23], Carer et al. [24] and Jyoti et al. [25] observed that the viscosity of ethanol gels decreased with increasing temperature over a range of temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Preparation and performance characterization of temperature‐sensitive JP‐3 kerosene gel propellant

Yu Deng,

Ang Zheng,

Xie

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Two types of JP‐3 kerosene gels were prepared using AC−C10 (N‐acetyl‐L‐isoleucyl decylamine, type A) and modified hydrogenated castor oil (type B) as gelling agents, and the gel formation mechanism between the two gelling agents and JP‐3 kerosene was investigated. The rheological properties of the gels, including stability, yield stress, shear thinning, and thixotropic behavior, were tested and discussed. The viscosity curves were fitted with the HBE constitutive equation and compared with the power‐law model. Non‐time‐dependent, time‐dependent, and temperature‐dependent constitutive equations of the kerosene gels were constructed. The effects of time and temperature on viscosity were analyzed. The results showed that the type B JP‐3 kerosene gel was more physically stable and less influenced by centrifugal force. Both types of gels exhibited a decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate, indicating shear thinning behavior. Additionally, both gels demonstrated some degree of thixotropy, although the recoagulation was found to be weak. With an increase in temperature, the viscosity of the type A gel initially decreased, then increased, and finally decreased again until it approached the viscosity of kerosene at 75 °C. On the other hand, the viscosity of the type B kerosene gel gradually decreased and approached the viscosity of kerosene at 75 °C. Both types of gels exhibited high temperature sensitivity.

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“…[23], Carer et al. [24] and Jyoti et al. [25] observed that the viscosity of ethanol gels decreased with increasing temperature over a range of temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, the consistency index decreased linearly with increasing temperature. Mandal et al [23], Carer et al [24] and Jyoti et al [25] observed that the viscosity of ethanol gels decreased with increasing temperature over a range of temperatures. These gels also exhibited significant shear thinning and thixotropy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preparation and performance characterization of temperature‐sensitive JP‐3 kerosene gel propellant

Yu Deng,

Ang Zheng,

Xie

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Thus, for that purpose fundamental constitutive equation is used to describe the viscosity of such fluid. Typical constitutive models to display the non-Newtonian behavior are power law, modified power law, Herschel-Bulkley model, cross model, Carreau model, Bird-Carreau, Carreau-Yasuda, Binding Model and Modified Casson [1][2][3][4][5]. Further, the non-Newtonian fluids display either shear-thinning (viscosity decrease as shear increases) or shear thickening (viscosity increases as shear increases) natures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Shear and Extensional Inelastic Contraction Flows

Sharhan

Al-Muslimawi

2023

CFDL

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This study investigates the numerical solution of viscous sharp contraction flow using a time-step Taylor-Galerkin-pressure correction finite element method (T-G/P-C). Such a complex problfem displays a start-up, 4:1contraction creeping flow, shear viscosity and extensional viscosity responses. Here, inelastic shear-extensional viscosity model is proposed with a single power-index response and identical in shear and extension, namely Fit-I. In this context, extension rate and shear rate are defined by depending on the second and third invariants of the rate of deformation tensor. Employing (T-G/P-C) method by combining with extensional and shear viscosity representation to treat such problem gives novel scenario. The interesting of this study lies in determining the efficient effect of relevant parameters of inelastic shear-extensional viscosity model on the solutions components, and rate of convergence issues. Attention also is paid to the impact of these parameters on the rate of convergence issues

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“…In contrast, increasing the gellant concentration decreases the surface tension, and by increasing the particle concentration, surface tension increases. Carer et al 35 studied the effect of parameter variation on the viscosity of ethanol gel propellants using methyl cellulose as a gellant. The viscosity of the gel was found to decrease with increasing temperature until 320 K, after which it rose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection

Pandian,

Das

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The current study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of atomizer and cross-flow velocities on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuels. For gelled Jet A-1, Jet A-1 liquid, Thixatrol® ST and rectified xylene are the base fuel, gellant and solvent, respectively. Gelled Jet A-1 is prepared by adding 85% by weight of base fuel along with 7.5% by weight of gellant and solvent, each at optimum processing conditions. Atomization using a simple-plain-orifice atomizer is investigated to understand its effect on Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up without air cross-flow. Based on the investigation from qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis of Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up, a modified simple-plain-orifice atomizer called an internally impinging air-blast atomizer is made. Primary atomization using this new atomizer is studied to understand the break-up of liquid and gelled Jet A-1 gel fuels without any air cross-flow. Secondary atomization of liquid and gel fuel is investigated by transversely injecting fuel into different low-speed subsonic air cross-flow environments. Laser sheet Imaging (LSI) technique is used to capture spray images of both fuels. Break-up mechanisms of both liquid and gel fuels were observed, and the results were compared. Information on the cross-flow air mass flow rate effect on the liquid and gel spray is extracted by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. Relative droplet size distribution of liquid and gel spray revealed their dependence on cross-flow air mass flow rate. Total droplet count of both liquid and gel fuel decreases significantly as the cross-flow Reynolds’ number increases. At higher cross-flow Reynolds’ number, gel droplets in the flow are observed to be more as compared to liquid fuel.

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Effect of Parameter Variation on the Viscosity of Ethanol Gel Propellants

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Preparation and performance characterization of temperature‐sensitive JP‐3 kerosene gel propellant

Preparation and performance characterization of temperature‐sensitive JP‐3 kerosene gel propellant

Numerical Study of Shear and Extensional Inelastic Contraction Flows

Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection

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