Effect of Paraquat on Seed Germination

Watkin, E. M.; Sagar, G. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1972.tb01206.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Paraquat, used late season to prevent seed set in post-flowering Lolium spp. plants, can also inhibit germination of the mature seeds by 80%-100% [82][83][84]. Other, less toxic, allelochemicals that are derived from plants are inhibitory to germination and seedling growth of Lolium spp., and some of these compounds may have potential as alternatives to herbicides in systems where widespread resistance is a problem (e.g., [85][86][87][88][89][90][91]).…”

Section: Manipulating Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Lolium rigidum Seeds: The Key to Managing a Problem Weed?

2012

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The 40 million hectare southern Australian winter cropping region suffers from widespread infestation by Lolium rigidum (commonly known as annual or rigid ryegrass), a Mediterranean species initially introduced as a pasture plant. Along with its high competitiveness within crops, rapid adaptability and widespread resistance to herbicides, the dormancy of its seeds means that L. rigidum is the primary weed in southern Australian agriculture. With the individuals within a L. rigidum population exhibiting varying levels of seed dormancy, germination can be staggered across the crop-growing season, making complete weed removal virtually impossible, and ensuring that the weed seed bank is constantly replenished. By understanding the processes involved in induction and release of dormancy in L. rigidum seeds, it may be possible to develop strategies to more effectively manage this pest without further stretching herbicide resources. This review examines L. rigidum seed dormancy and germination from a weed-management perspective and explains how the seed bank can be depleted by control strategies encompassing all stages in the lifecycle of a seed, from development to germination

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Section: Manipulating Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Lolium rigidum Seeds: The Key to Managing a Problem Weed?

2012

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“…Gleeson (1964) andO'Toole (1965) also reported paraquat residues in grass reseeding trials on mineral and organic soils respectively, whilst Knight & Tomlinson (1967) found that paraquat was not always adsorbed by soils. Damanakis et al (1970a) reported reductions in growth of perennial ryegrass and lettuce {Lactuca sativa L.) grown under paraquat-treated crop residues, whilst Watkin & Sagar (1972) found that 1 ppm in solution was sufficient to prevent germination of four grasses. Less susceptible were rape, white clover {Trifolium repens L.) and six cultivars of wheat {Triticum vulgare Host.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some effects of paraquat on crop establishment in killed swards

Warboys

1974

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The establishment of crops direct‐drilled after various times into swards treated with paraquat (1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridylium‐ 2/A) was examined. Best results with Brassica napus and B. oleracea were obtained with 1–1 kg/ha applied 7 days before drilling and 2–3 kg/ha applied 14 days before. Although delaying drilling from 7 to 14 days after application reduced the phytotoxicity, the higher dose was needed when drilling was delayed, to reduce competition from the sward regrowth. In the glasshouse, mulches of paraquat‐treated herbage affected seedling growth and development of Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare and Lolium perenne; B. napus was the most susceptible. Quelques effets du paraquat sur des cultures implantées aprés destruction d'herbages L'implantation de cultures en semis direct, apres divers intervalles de temps, dans des herbages trait6s au paraquat (l,r‐diméthyl‐4‐4′‐bipyridylium‐2/4) a été examinée. Avec Brassica napus et B. oleracea, les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus par des applications de 1,1 kg/ha et de 2,3 kg/ha, respectivement 7 jours avant et 14 jours avant le semis. Bien que le fait de porter de 7 à 14 jours le délai entre le traitement été le semis ait réduit la phytotoxicité, la dose la plus forte a été nécessaire lorsque le semis a été retardé, pour réduire la competition due à la repousse de la prairie. En serre, des paillis d'herbages traités au paraquat ont affecté la croissance et le développement de Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare et Lolium perenne; B. napus s'est montré le plus sensible. Einige Effekte von Paraquat auf die Entwicklung von Kulturpflanzen in abgetöteten Pflanzendecken Es wurde die Entwicklung von Kulturen untersucht, die in unterschiedlichen Zeitabständen direkt in mit Paraquat (l,l'‐Dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridylium‐2/4) behandelte Pflanzendecken gesät wurden. Die besten Ergebnisse mit Brassica napus und B. oleracea wurden erzielt, wenn 1.1 kg/ha 7 Tage und 2 3 kg/ha 14 Tage vor der Saat gespritzt wurden.

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“…However, the soil was plowed and harrowed by hoe, then stepped herbicide spreading ten days before planting to avoid inactivating the catalase for the bean seed germination process (Mick et al, 2014). Thought supported by Watkin and Sagar (1972) and Rahman et al (2001) which emphasize that the inhibition of seed germination by reduction of root elongation and cotyledon disruption of activity depends on the type of formulation, doses, the nature of the seed coat and duration of seeds exposure to herbicides products. Sowing took place in February with two seeds per hole and spacing of 20×40 cm for a density of 1200 plants haG 1 , it should be noted that during culture, two floristic inventories were made in each plots starting quadrats of 1.5×1.5 m to determine the abundance-dominance of braun-blanquet and relative frequencies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adventitious Flora and its Behavior in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivated under Different Weed Management Methods in the Upper Katanga, DR Congo

Lukangila¹,

Kasu-Bandi²,

Kabemba³

et al. 2015

American J. of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology

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The search for increased productivity of common bean in Upper Katanga by controlling weed justified the study conducted on the site of Institut National Pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques (INERA, Kipopo) to Kaniameshi during the 2014-2015 cultural season. The test was carried according to a split-plot arrangement with three repetitions. Varieties constituted the main factor CODMLB001, RCB262, HM21-7 and CODMLB007 while in manual weeding; 30 and 60 DAS, unweeding and chemical weeding (3 L haG 1 Paraquat+3 L haG 1 Atrazine) spread 10 days before seedling were the secondary factor. The results showed a positive varietal effect of CODMLB007 on the yield (0.43 t haG 1 ). Managements modes strongly influenced all the observed parameters, but the high seed yield (0.55 t haG 1 ) was performed in row plots manually, against a slight gap (0.51 t haG 1 ) to the chemically treated plots and finally a large gap (0.04 t haG 1 ) for unweeded plots. No any interaction was observed for yield after combination of two factors. Furthermore, the adventitious flora was dominated by the Cyperus rotundus species common to all plots with a max relative frequency (12). This could be explained by biology, the action of management methods and the long monoculture, however, the active matter were applied had a short persistence period in soil. Manual weeding induced awakening dormant buds or by splitting tubers or suppression of stripping, C. rotundus competitor had a high impact opposite the culture and other weeds. Therefore, it would be interesting to advocate a selective post-emergence treatment catching up or combine manual weeding treatment before seedling.Key words: Weeds, common bean, frequency, parameters, interactions INTRODUCTIONCommon bean production in South Katanga remains unsatisfactory although only two entities Moba and Lubudi provide large amounts to the province. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the yield by 800-1000 kg haG 1 for small producers, against 2500 kg haG 1 for large producers with certified seed (Kanyenga-Lubobo et al., 2012). 85Am. J. Plant Nutr. Fert. Technol., 5 (3): 85-95, 2015 In crop production, Toure et al. (2008) point out that weeds are a significant constraint sometimes pushing farmers to a band on their fields, especially in developing countries where pressure from weeds still growing. It suits to indicate that for the same degree of infestation, unlike developed countries, the losses are important in developing countries. Mergeai (2010) revealed the part of the natural environment promoting excellence by creating new ecological niches. Furthermore, Bassene et al. (2012) added that small peasants knowledge of weed biology does not allow them to define the technical itinerary better.Generally, weeds in the case of a bad control lend themselves more to competition compared to cultivated plants in rivaling their space, light, humidity, nutrients and carbon dioxide resulting in losses of yields and difficulty of the harvesting operations even see the depreciation of the useful p...

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Effect of Paraquat on Seed Germination

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Understanding Lolium rigidum Seeds: The Key to Managing a Problem Weed?

Understanding Lolium rigidum Seeds: The Key to Managing a Problem Weed?

Some effects of paraquat on crop establishment in killed swards

Adventitious Flora and its Behavior in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivated under Different Weed Management Methods in the Upper Katanga, DR Congo

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