Effect of parasitization by a gregarious and a solitary parasitoid on food consumption and utilization byPorthesia scintillans Walker (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) andSpodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Senthamizhselvan, M.; Muthukrishnan, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00930840

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In conclusion, parasitism by Z. deceptor significantly reduced the amount and duration of feeding of autumnal moth larvae, which is in accordance with previous studies in other systems (Vinson & Iwantsch, 1980;Rohlfs & Mack, 1983;Senthamizhselvan & Muthukrishnan, 1989;Bae & Kim, 2004). The fact that both host plant and parasitoid seem to benefit from this effect might be the basis for a chemical communication between the two trophic levels, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Parasitoids seem to be capable of reducing herbivore pressure by decreasing the herbivore population density not only in the next generation, but also by reducing immediate leaf consumption at low and intermediate larval densities. Although the effects of only a single solitary endoparasitoid on leaf consumption of Epirrita autumnata larvae were studied, we propose that the results of our study can, with certain precautions, be extrapolated to other solitary parasitoid species of the autumnal moth, many of which have also been observed to decrease the food intake of their host (Guillot & Vinson, 1973;Senthamizhselvan & Muthukrishnan, 1989;Harvey, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Gregarious species, i.e. where several parasitoid larvae develop within/upon one host, are likely to increase the food consumption of their hosts (Slansky, 1986;Alleyne & Beckage, 1997;Smallegange et al, 2008), whereas solitary species (one parasitoid larva per host) usually have the opposite effect (Guillot & Vinson, 1973;Rohlfs & Mack, 1983;Senthamizhselvan & Muthukrishnan, 1989;Kumar & Ballal, 1992;Harvey, 1996;Bae & Kim, 2004). A few studies have already shown that parasitoid-induced diminished food consumption in herbivorous insects has led to increased plant fitness Fritzsche-Hoballah & Turlings, 2001;Smallegange et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch

et al. 2008

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Plants respond to grazing by herbivorous insects by emitting a range of volatile organic compounds, which attract parasitoids to their insect hosts. However, a positive outcome for the host plant is a necessary precondition for making the attraction beneficial or even adaptive. Parasitoids benefit plants by killing herbivorous insects, thus reducing future herbivore pressure, but also by curtailing the feeding intensity of the still living, parasitised host. In this study, the effect of parasitism on food consumption of the 5th instar larvae of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) was examined under laboratory conditions. Daily food consumption, as well as the duration of the 5th instar, was measured for both parasitised and non-parasitised larvae. The results showed that parasitism by the solitary endoparasitoid Zele deceptor not only reduced leaf consumption significantly but also hastened the onset of pupation in autumnal moth larvae. On the basis of the results, an empirical model was derived to assess the affects on the scale of the whole tree. The model suggests that parasitoids might protect the tree from total defoliation at least at intermediate larval densities. Consequently, a potential for plant-parasitoid chemical signalling appears to exist, which seems to benefit the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) by reducing the overall intensity of herbivore defoliation due to parasitism by this hymenopteran parasitoid.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch

et al. 2008

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“…In all of these systems, the larger individuals had an advantage (e.g., Semlitsch and West 1988;Denno et al 1995;Boots 1998;Chapman et al 1999). Also, a decrease in the size of parasitized insects has been commonly observed (e.g., Jones and Lewis 1971;Guillot and Vinson 1972;Hawlitzky and Boulay 1986), as has a decrease in consumption (e.g., Senthamizhselvan and Muthukrishnan 1989;Van Loon et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, we hypothesize that parasitized insects are at a competitive disadvantage compared to unparasitized insects due to a decrease in growth rate. A second common consequence of parasitism is a decrease in consumption (e.g., Senthamizhselvan and Muthukrishnan 1989;Van Loon et al 2000). As a result, parasitism may not only influence competitive ability, but also the amount of resource required by a parasitized herbivore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between parasitized and unparasitized conspecifics: parasitoids modulate competitive dynamics

Sisterson

Averill

2003

Oecologia

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Parasitism influences many aspects of a host's behavior and physiology. Therefore, parasitism is also likely to influence the competitive ability of the host. Field populations of phytophagous insects are often a mix of parasitized and unparasitized conspecifics and the inclusion of parasitism in their competitive dynamics may alter expected outcomes. We investigated the influence of parasitism by the hymenopteran parasitoid Phanerotoma franklini Gahan on the competitive interactions among larvae of its host Acrobasis vaccinii Riley. We found that parasitized larvae were poorer competitors and required less food to complete development compared to unparasitized larvae. To examine the influence of parasitism on the competitive dynamics of this system, we constructed an individual-based model parameterized with our laboratory data. The model examined the role of resource availability and parasitism rate on larval survival. The model suggests that parasitized larvae (and, hence parasitoids) experience higher levels of mortality from competition than unparasitized larvae. Further, the model also suggests that the decreased consumption of resources by parasitized larvae results in a decline in the occurrence of competition as the parasitism rate increases. We suggest that these observations may be general to many parasitoid-host systems.

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Endophyte-mediated tritrophic interactions between a grass-feeding caterpillar and two parasitoid species with different life histories

Bixby-Brosi

Potter

2011

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Plant secondary chemicals can alter herbivore suitability for parasitoids by weakening or stunting the host, delaying its development, or when larval parasitoids encounter ingested phytotoxins in the body of their host. Experiments with different parasitoids that exploit the same host species feeding on the same plant may provide insight about how parasitoid life history affects the strength of such interactions. The encyrtid wasp Copidosoma bakeri, a slow-developing polyembryonic egg-larval parasitoid, and the tachinid fly Linnaemya comta, a fastdeveloping solitary species, both parasitize Agrotis ipsilon, a generalist noctuid. We tested the hypothesis that of the two parasitoid species, the encyrtid, because of its more prolonged developmental association with the host, would suffer greater fitness costs when A. ipsilon feeds on perennial ryegrass containing an alkaloid-producing fungal endophyte. Indeed, fewer parasitized cutworms yielded C. bakeri broods, and those host mummies were smaller, formed more slowly, and contained fewer adults when the hosts fed on endophytic as opposed to endophyte-free grass. In contrast, L. comta fitness parameters were similar regardless of the type of grass upon which their host fed. Our results highlight that the outcome of endophytemediated tritrophic interactions may differ for different parasitoid species. Implications for integrating the use of endophytic grasses and biological control are discussed.

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Effect of parasitization by a gregarious and a solitary parasitoid on food consumption and utilization byPorthesia scintillans Walker (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) andSpodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch

Larval parasitism of the autumnal moth reduces feeding intensity on the mountain birch

Interactions between parasitized and unparasitized conspecifics: parasitoids modulate competitive dynamics

Endophyte-mediated tritrophic interactions between a grass-feeding caterpillar and two parasitoid species with different life histories

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