Effect of Parental R-Rated Movie Restriction on Adolescent Smoking Initiation

Sargent, James D.; Beach, Michael L.; Dalton, Madeline A.; Ernstoff, Linda Titus; Gibson, Jennifer J.; Tickle, Jennifer J.; Heatherton, Todd F.

doi:10.1542/peds.114.1.149

Cited by 88 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…After adjusting for covariates, adolescents in the highest quartile of exposure to smoking in the movies were 2.6 times more likely to have started smoking than those in the lowest quartile of exposure, with a dose-response relationship. In contrast to the New England study, 51 the national study did not show a significant interaction between parental smoking status and the effects of smoking in the movies; adolescents of smokers and nonsmokers were similarly sensitive to the amount of smoking in the movies.…”

Section: Effects Of Total Exposure To Smoking In the Moviescontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…40 After controlling for other known risk factors for smoking initiation, cross-sectional 24,44,[46][47][48][49] and longitudinal 45,50,51,52 studies have demonstrated a strong dose-response relationship between the amount of movie smoking to which adolescents are exposed and the likelihood that they will begin smoking ( Table 1).…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifty-two percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30% to 67%) of smoking initiation was attributable to exposure to smoking in the movies, a larger effect than that associated with cigarette advertising (34%). 53 A national cross-sectional study 52 conducted in 2003 using the same methods as the New England longitudinal study 51 yielded statistically indistinguishable results. The national study included 6522 US adolescents aged 10 to 14 who agreed to participate in a random-digit-dialing telephone survey.…”

Section: Effects Of Total Exposure To Smoking In the Moviesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking in the Movies Increases Adolescent Smoking: A Review

2005

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Objective. Despite voluntary restrictions prohibiting direct and indirect cigarette marketing to youth and paid product placement, tobacco use remains prevalent in movies. This article presents a systematic review of the evidence on the nature and effect of smoking in the movies on adolescents (and others). Methodology. We performed a comprehensive literature review. Results. We identified 40 studies. Smoking in the movies decreased from 1950 to ∼1990 and then increased rapidly. In 2002, smoking in movies was as common as it was in 1950. Movies rarely depict the negative health outcomes associated with smoking and contribute to increased perceptions of smoking prevalence and the benefits of smoking. Movie smoking is presented as adult behavior. Exposure to movie smoking makes viewers' attitudes and beliefs about smoking and smokers more favorable and has a dose-response relationship with adolescent smoking behavior. Parental restrictions on R-rated movies significantly reduces youth exposure to movie smoking and subsequent smoking uptake. Beginning in 2002, the total amount of smoking in movies was greater in youth-rated (G/PG/PG-13) films than adult-rated (R) films, significantly increasing adolescent exposure to movie smoking. Viewing antismoking advertisements before viewing movie smoking seems to blunt the stimulating effects of movie smoking on adolescent smoking. Conclusions. Strong empirical evidence indicates that smoking in movies increases adolescent smoking initiation. Amending the movie-rating system to rate movies containing smoking as “R” should reduce adolescent exposure to smoking and subsequent smoking.

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Section: Effects Of Total Exposure To Smoking In the Moviescontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Total Exposure To Smoking In the Moviesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking in the Movies Increases Adolescent Smoking: A Review

2005

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“…The perspectives, thus seen implies that knowledge related to tobacco use and its health impact in the present study was more in girls than boys which is again in constant with the finding reported by Mukherjee et al (2012) The youth is targeted by the tobacco industry effectively with the help of mass media by projecting smokers and tobacco chewers as trendy, sporty and super successful and thereby demonstrate tobacco consumption as a daily necessary routine (Chadda et al, 2002;Smith, 2006). The exposure to smoking in films is associated with the initiation of smoking has been reported in the United States both cross-sectionally (Sargent et al, 2001;Sargent et al, 2004) and prospectively (Dalton et al, 2003;Distefan et al, 2004). The attitude towards taking up the tobacco habit by seeing the film stars, sports personalities or any television advertisement was also assessed and it was found that boys showed double the chances of inculcating such habits than do the girls.…”

Section: 10129 Knowledge Attitude and Practice Of Tobacco Use And Osupporting

confidence: 89%

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Tobacco Use and Its Impact on Oral Health Status of 12 and 15 Year-Old School Children of Chhattisgarh, India

Tiwari¹,

Megalamanegowdru²,

Gupta³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of deaths worldwide; the situation is particularly serious in the developing countries. Tobacco use amongst the children and adolescents is already a pandemic and they are vulnerable targets of tobacco industry. This is also the case in India. Objectives: 1) Document and monitor the prevalence of tobacco use including smoked, smokeless and other forms of tobacco; 2) Understand studentknowledge and attitudes related to tobacco use and its health impact; 3) Assess the impact of tobacco on the oral health status of school-going children in India. Materials and Methods: The sample was 1,500 school children of the age group 12-15 years age. A pretested, close ended questionnaire was administered in the form of extensive face to face interview to understand student knowledge, attitudes and behavior related to tobacco use and its health impact and to assess the prevalence of tobacco use including smoked, smokeless and other forms of tobacco. Oral health status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Frequency distribution, Chi-square tests and Odd's ratio was calculated. Results: Prevalence of tobacco usage amongst the prevalence was 20.4%: 9.2% reported smoking, 15.8% used tobacco in the chewable form and 25.3% children were involved in consuming betel nut/areca nuts. The OR (Odd's ratio) for calculus formation was highest for guthka chewers (OR=14.322), paan masala chewers had the highest odds of developing bleeding on probing when compared to the others. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to launch school-based tobacco prevention programs for community awareness of children and the public, as preventing the initiation of a habit is far easier than stopping it.

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“…69 Results of a number of correlational and longitudinal studies have confirmed that exposure to television and movie smoking is now one of the key factors that prompt teenagers to smoke. 29, [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] According to a new meta-analysis, it may account for nearly half of smoking initiation in young teenagers. 80 In fact, exposure to movie smoking may even trump parents' smoking status as being the key factor in adolescents' initiation of smoking.…”

Section: Drugs In Entertainment Media Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

Strasburger¹

2010

Pediatrics

141

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The causes of adolescent substance use are multifactorial, but the media can play a key role. Tobacco and alcohol represent the 2 most significant drug threats to adolescents. More than $25 billion per year is spent on advertising for tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs, and such advertising has been shown to be effective. Digital media are increasingly being used to advertise drugs. In addition, exposure to PG-13-and R-rated movies at an early age may be a major factor in the onset of adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a ban on all tobacco advertising in all media, limitations on alcohol advertising, avoiding exposure of young children to substance-related (tobacco, alcohol, prescription drugs, illegal drugs) content on television and in PG-13-and R-rated movies, incorporating the topic of advertising and media into all substance abuseprevention programs, and implementing media education programs in the classroom. Pediatrics 2010;126:791-799 INTRODUCTIONAlthough parents, schools, and the federal government are trying to get children and teenagers to "just say no" to drugs, more than $25 billion worth of cigarette, alcohol, and prescription drug advertising is effectively working to get them to "just say yes" to smoking, drinking, and other drugs. 1,2 In addition, television programs and movies contain appreciable amounts of substance use. Unlike traditional advertising, media depictions of legal drugs are generally positive and invite no criticism, because they are not viewed as advertising. 3 The result is that young people receive mixed messages about substance use, and the media contribute significantly to the risk that young people will engage in substance use. ADOLESCENT DRUG USEAlthough illegal drugs take their toll on American society, 2 legal drugs-alcohol and tobacco-pose perhaps the greatest danger to children and teenagers. Both represent significant gateway drugs and are among the earliest drugs used by children or teenagers. A preadolescent or adolescent who smokes tobacco or drinks alcohol is 65 times more likely to use marijuana, for example, than someone who abstains. 4 The younger the age at which experimentation occurs, the greater the risk of serious health problems. 5 Every year, more than 400 000 Americans die from illnesses directly related to cigarette use-more than from AIDS, car crashes, murder, and suicide combined. 6 More than 100 000 deaths annually can be attributed to exces-THE COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA

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Effect of Parental R-Rated Movie Restriction on Adolescent Smoking Initiation

Cited by 88 publications

References 26 publications

Smoking in the Movies Increases Adolescent Smoking: A Review

Smoking in the Movies Increases Adolescent Smoking: A Review

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Tobacco Use and Its Impact on Oral Health Status of 12 and 15 Year-Old School Children of Chhattisgarh, India

Children, Adolescents, Substance Abuse, and the Media

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