Effect of parenteral lipid emulsion on preterm infant PUFAs and their downstream metabolites

Suganuma, H; Collins, Carmel T; McPhee, Andrew J; Leemaqz, Shalem; Liu, Ge; Andersen, Chad; Bonney, Dennis; Gibson, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102217

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In animal models, it has been shown that supplementation with n-3 PUFAs resulted in a reduction in levels of pro-inflammatory oxylipins derived from AA [ 145 ]. Interestingly, recent studies indicate that parenteral lipid emulsion fortified in n-3 PUFAs generates an anti-inflammatory profile by reducing the levels of AA-derived oxylipins and increasing the levels of the pro-resolving ALA-related and DHA-related oxylipins [ 146 ]; this may be of benefit given that inflammation is felt to contribute to the morbidities of the preterm infant. However, nowadays, there is little information regarding the oxylipid profile generated by parenteral lipid emulsions in preterm infants, and larger multicenter cohort studies are necessary to further elucidate the role of oxylipins in neonatal development and disease.…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acid During Pregnancy and Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Implications of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and in Neonates

Herrera,

Ortega-Senovilla

2023

Life

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Certain limitations exist for animals to modify fatty acid changes. Besides the role of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other 20-carbon long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) for the synthesis of inflammatory mediators as eicosanoids, different LCPUFAs have many other effects, including their abilities to regulate gene expression and downstream events. LCPUFAs are susceptible to autoxidation, which is prevented by the action of antioxidants in the form of enzymes like superoxide dismutases, catalases and peroxidases, as well as antioxidant compounds that protect against oxidation or repair the damage caused. Under normal conditions, the fetus needs both essential fatty acids (EFAs) and LCPUFAs, which are obtained from its mother by placental transfer. In early pregnancy, dietary derived fatty acids are accumulated in maternal adipose tissue. However, during late pregnancy, corresponding to the period of the highest fetal growth, maternal adipose tissue becomes catabolic and LCPUFAs are released into the circulation by adipose lipolytic activity. The released LCPUFAs are taken up by maternal liver to be esterified and released back to the circulation as triacylglycerides (TAGs) in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) that become available to the placenta to be transferred to the fetus in the form of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). An enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis is maintained around parturition and esterified LCPUFAs are diverted to mammary glands thanks to an increased activity of lipoprotein lipase for milk production. Throughout this process, LCPUFAs become available to the newborn during suckling. The important role of both DHA and AA for the development of the nervous system and for growth has motivated their dietary supplement during different postnatal stages. This has been especially important in preterm infants both because under normal conditions, the fetus acquires most of these fatty acids during late pregnancy, and because the immaturity of the enzyme systems for the synthesis of AA and DHA from their respective EFAs.

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Section: Dietary Fatty Acid During Pregnancy and Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Implications of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and in Neonates

Herrera,

Ortega-Senovilla

2023

Life

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“…These fatty acids and oxylipins are in the arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid pathways, which are associated with inflammation and age-related diseases [39], and are oxidation sensitive [40,41]. Fifteen-min at room temperature led to longer oxygen exposure and maybe changed the enzymatic activity in these muscle tissues, which contributed to the oxidation and instability of the unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the generation of their downstream metabolites, i.e., oxylipins [42,43]. The higher lysophospholipids (Table 1), i.e., LPE14.0, LPE16.1, LPE20.4, LPE22.4, LPG16.1, LPI20.4, LPI22.4, and LPI22.6, in 15-min delayed isolation muscle tissues might be due to the hydrolysis of the cellular membrane induced by the longer time of oxidation exposure and oxidative damage [44,45], and/or tissue degeneration.…”

Section: The Effects Of Sample Isolation Speed On Metabolite Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sample Preparation Method for the Simultaneous Profiling of Signaling Lipids and Polar Metabolites in Small Quantities of Muscle Tissues from a Mouse Model for Sarcopenia

Mever

Yang

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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The metabolic profiling of a wide range of chemical classes relevant to understanding sarcopenia under conditions in which sample availability is limited, e.g., from mouse models, small muscles, or muscle biopsies, is desired. Several existing metabolomics platforms that include diverse classes of signaling lipids, energy metabolites, and amino acids and amines would be informative for suspected biochemical pathways involved in sarcopenia. The sample limitation requires an optimized sample preparation method with minimal losses during isolation and handling and maximal accuracy and reproducibility. Here, two developed sample preparation methods, BuOH-MTBE-Water (BMW) and BuOH-MTBE-More-Water (BMMW), were evaluated and compared with previously reported methods, Bligh-Dyer (BD) and BuOH-MTBE-Citrate (BMC), for their suitability for these classes. The most optimal extraction was found to be the BMMW method, with the highest extraction recovery of 63% for the signaling lipids and 81% for polar metabolites, and an acceptable matrix effect (close to 1.0) for all metabolites of interest. The BMMW method was applied on muscle tissues as small as 5 mg (dry weight) from the well-characterized, prematurely aging, DNA repair-deficient Ercc1∆/− mouse mutant exhibiting multiple–morbidities, including sarcopenia. We successfully detected 109 lipids and 62 polar targeted metabolites. We further investigated whether fast muscle tissue isolation is necessary for mouse sarcopenia studies. A muscle isolation procedure involving 15 min at room temperature revealed a subset of metabolites to be unstable; hence, fast sample isolation is critical, especially for more oxidative muscles. Therefore, BMMW and fast muscle tissue isolation are recommended for future sarcopenia studies. This research provides a sensitive sample preparation method for the simultaneous extraction of non-polar and polar metabolites from limited amounts of muscle tissue, supplies a stable mouse muscle tissue collection method, and methodologically supports future metabolomic mechanistic studies of sarcopenia.

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“…169 In preterm infants, DHA and its downstream metabolites, the oxylipins, are important regulators of inflammatory responses. 170 The deficiency of DHA after birth can augment inflammation, particularly in preterm infants. 171,172 Infants with higher mean DHA levels may be less likely to develop chronic lung disease (CLD).…”

Section: Dha In Hmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fats in Human Milk: 2022 Updates on Chemical Composition

Maheshwari¹

2022

Newborn

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Human milk (HM) feedings are important for all newborn infants. Healthy term infants grow well with the mother's own milk (MOM), be it in direct breastfeeding or when fed expressed breastmilk. Premature and ill infants being treated/monitored in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) also recover better when fed with HM diets, which can include MOM, donor milk (DM), or a combination of both. In terms of chemical composition, it contains 3-5% fat, 0.8-0.9% protein, 6.9-7.2% carbohydrates (calculated as lactose), and 0.2% mineral constituents. In this review, we present the latest information on HM fats, including triglycerides, phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, glycoproteins, and enzymes. This article is intended to initiate a series of periodic updates on the scientific information available on HM fats. It contains some of our own research findings with an extensive review of the literature. To avoid bias in the identification of studies, keywords were short-listed a priori from anecdotal experience and from PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus. We then searched the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct.

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Effect of parenteral lipid emulsion on preterm infant PUFAs and their downstream metabolites

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Dietary Implications of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and in Neonates

Dietary Implications of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and in Neonates

A Sample Preparation Method for the Simultaneous Profiling of Signaling Lipids and Polar Metabolites in Small Quantities of Muscle Tissues from a Mouse Model for Sarcopenia

Fats in Human Milk: 2022 Updates on Chemical Composition

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