Effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate on penicillin-induced seizure foci in anesthetized cats

Koontz, William L.; Reid, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90603-9

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dose-related depression of neuromuscular transmission has been shown in preeclamptic women receiving traditional MgSO 4 therapy74. Studies have also shown that there is little to no change in electroencephalograms obtained during MgSO 4 treatment, and minimal signs of central nervous system depression in both normal75 and eclamptic patients25, and in animals76. However, clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of MgSO 4 in the treatment and prevention of eclamptic seizures versus more traditional anticonvulsant drugs, including phenytoin and diazepam 12, 14, 15.…”

Section: Anticonvulsant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Eclampsia

Euser

Cipolla

2009

Stroke

278

203

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Background and Purpose-Magnesium sulfate is used extensively for prevention of eclamptic seizures. Empirical and clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate; however, questions remain as to its safety and mechanism. This review summarizes current evidence supporting the possible mechanisms of action and several controversies for magnesium sulfate treatment. Summary of Review-Several mechanisms are presented, including the effects of magnesium sulfate on peripheral and cerebral vasodilation, blood-brain barrier protection, and as an anticonvulsant. Conclusions-Though the specific mechanisms of action remain unclear, the effect of magnesium sulfate in the prevention of eclampsia is likely multi-factorial. Magnesium sulfate may act as a vasodilator, with actions in the peripheral vasculature or the cerebrovasculature, to decrease peripheral vascular resistance or relieve vasoconstriction. Additionally, magnesium sulfate may also protect the blood-brain barrier and limit cerebral edema formation, or it may act through a central anticonvulsant action.

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Section: Anticonvulsant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, systemic treatment with MgSO 4 causes a significant reduction in the NMDA receptor binding capacity in the brain78. Animal studies have also shown that MgSO 4 reduces epileptic seizure activity83, though these findings have been challenged due to inadequate controls76.…”

Section: Anticonvulsant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Eclampsia

Euser

Cipolla

2009

Stroke

278

203

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“…They showed a reduction in electroencephalographic neuronal burst firing and interictal spike generation in animals made epileptic by topical application of penicillin G to the cerebral cortex. The degree of spike suppression increased in parallel with the plasma magnesium concentration and decreased as the magnesium level decreased, Koontz and Reid, 15 however, found no significant effects of magnesium even at a peak plasma concentration of 11.7 ± 2.0 mg/dl on penicillin-induced epileptiform spikes in anesthetized cats relative to control animals. Importantly, with the penicillin model used by Borges and Gucer, as well as by Koontz and Reid, both the number and frequency of epileptiform spikes rapidly decays across time even in the absence of specific therapy, suggesting that Borges and Gucer's findings may have been coincidental and not causal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Magnesium Sulfate Pharmacokinetics: Pregnant Capra Hircus Model

et al. 1990

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A comparison of standard clinical regimens for the administration of magnesium sulfate for treatment of preeclampsia was performed in the pregnant goat model. The regimen of intravenous or intramuscular load and intramuscular maintenance championed by Pritchard was found to yield higher maternal serum levels through the first 4 hours of treatment compared with intravenous load with intravenous maintenance therapy (p less than 0.05); however, neither regimen affected the concentration of magnesium ion in the cerebrospinal fluid. Urinary excretion of magnesium and passage into the amniotic fluid were also evaluated for each route of administration and neither accounted for the disparity in serum concentrations noted during the first 4 hours of magnesium therapy.

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“…An anticonvulsant effect of Mg2+ in treating experimentally induced seizures and in treating clinical status epilepticus has also been difficult to demonstrate. Intravenous MgS04 has been shown to suppress epileptic neuronal activity induced by topical application of penicillin G to motor cortex in anesthetized cats and dogs and in awake primates (Borges and Gucer, 1978), but other investigators dispute these results (Koontz and Reid, 1985). In the only published study of eight patients in status epilepticus treated with MgSO, (Storchheim, 1933) results were not documented by EEG, and some investigators have concluded that MgSO, masks convulsions by peripheral neuromuscular blockade (Hibbard and Rosen, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Status Epilepticus

1991

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The use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as an anticonvulsant is controversial. Status epilepticus was induced in 0.5% halothane-anesthetized Wistar rats with a threshold (90 mg/kg) or suprathreshold (200 mg/kg) dose of intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) under stereotactic hippocampal depth electrode monitoring. Fifteen minutes after seizure induction, the maximum hemodynamically tolerated dose of MgSO4 (10 mg/kg/min in 22 min) was administered i.v. MgSO4 was ineffective in altering seizure discharge. A subgroup of nine animals received hypertonic mannitol before MgSO4 to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to facilitate Mg2+ CNS penetration. Again MgSO4 was ineffective in attenuating epileptic activity. These results support the contention that MgSO4 is not an effective treatment for status epilepticus. We hypothesize that because Mg2+ blocks Ca2+ influx into the neuron through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-operated calcium channel in a voltage-dependent manner it would be ineffective in neurons that are continuously depolarizing as in status epilepticus.

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Effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate on penicillin-induced seizure foci in anesthetized cats

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Eclampsia

Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Eclampsia

Magnesium Sulfate Pharmacokinetics: Pregnant Capra Hircus Model

Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Status Epilepticus

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