Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Deep-Bed Capture Efficiency of an Exhaust Particulate Filter

Viswanathan, Sandeep; Sakai, Stephen; Hageman, Mitchell D.; Foster, David E.; Fansler, Todd D.; Andrie, Michael; Rothamer, David

doi:10.1115/icef2014-5464

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Beyond a critical trapped mass (;0.002 g/m 2 ), the penetration for all particle sizes was observed to decrease. Previous experiments using identical wafer samples 21 showed a marginal increase in penetration of sub 100nm particles with filter loading. This increase is believed to be an artifact due to smearing of the PSD caused by too-short SMPS scan durations.…”

Section: Sidi Filtration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…66 As the filter is loaded, the previously deposited particles act as additional collectors reducing the effective collector size for particle capture and shifting the MPPS. 21…”

Section: Sidi Filtration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15 For the typical PSDs seen from modern diesel and SIDI engines, diffusion and interception are the dominant mechanisms that control filter efficiency. 20,21 This study uses a micro-scale filtration setup to evaluate the evolution of filtration performance for DPFlike filter samples starting from an initially clean filter up until the transition to cake filtration. Prior to the filtration experiments, the PSDs and gravimetric mass concentrations for four SIDI engine operating conditions and two heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine operating conditions were measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15 For the typical PSDs seen from modern diesel and SIDI engines, diffusion and interception are the dominant mechanisms that control filter efficiency. 20,21…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Pre- and post-filter sampling measurements showed significant differences in filter performance evolution based on inlet PSD and ash accumulation. 15,21,49 Distinct PSDs were generated by operating the engines at different steady-state operating conditions. In this study, exhaust from four SIDI engine operating conditions studied in Viswanathan et al 15 was further characterized to obtain information on the relationship between mobility diameter and particle mass, enabling the determination of instantaneous trapped mass in the filter samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of deep-bed filtration of engine exhaust particulates with trapped mass

Viswanathan

Rothamer

Foster

et al. 2016

International Journal of Engine Research

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Size-resolved particle mass and number concentrations were obtained from different operating conditions using a sparkignition direct-injection engine and a heavy-duty diesel engine. Particle mass versus mobility diameter results obtained for the engines showed weak dependence on the operating condition. The particle mass-mobility data enabled the use of an integrated particle size distribution method to estimate the particulate matter mass concentration in the exhaust stream. Average mass concentrations determined with the integrated particle size distribution method were 77 + 47 À32 % of the gravimetric measurements performed using Teflon filters. Despite the relatively low elemental carbon fraction (;0.4 to 0.7), the integrated particle size distribution mass for stoichiometric spark-ignition direct-injection exhaust was 83% 6 38 % of the gravimetric measurement. Exhaust from the spark-ignition direct-injection engine was also used to perform wall-scale filtration experiments on identical cordierite filter samples with properties representative of diesel particulate filters. The filters were sequentially loaded with particulate matter from four spark-ignition direct-injection engine operating conditions, in order of increasing particulate matter mass concentration. Simultaneous particle size distribution measurements upstream and downstream of the filter sample were used to evaluate filter performance evolution and the instantaneous trapped mass within the filter for two different filter face velocities. The filtration experiments focused on the filter wall loading stage where the estimated trapped mass was \ 0.3 g/m 2 . The evolution of filtration performance at a fixed filtration velocity was found to only be sensitive to the trapped mass, despite using particulate matter from different operating conditions. Higher filtration velocity resulted in a more rapid shift of the most penetrating particle size toward smaller mobility diameters.

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Section: Sidi Filtration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…66 As the filter is loaded, the previously deposited particles act as additional collectors reducing the effective collector size for particle capture and shifting the MPPS. 21…”

Section: Sidi Filtration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15 For the typical PSDs seen from modern diesel and SIDI engines, diffusion and interception are the dominant mechanisms that control filter efficiency. 20,21…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evolution of deep-bed filtration of engine exhaust particulates with trapped mass

Viswanathan

Rothamer

Foster

et al. 2016

International Journal of Engine Research

Self Cite

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Filtration efficiency analysis of fibrous filters: Experimental and theoretical study on the sampling of agglomerate particles emitted from a GDI engine

Ding

Liang

Zhou

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Fibrous filters are commonly used for aerosol purification and sampling. The filtration efficiency has been extensively studied using standard aerosol generators, yet the literature on experimental data and theoretical study concerning the filtration of agglomerates from real engines remains scarce. A filtration efficiency test system was developed to determine the filtration efficiency of two types of filters (uncoated and fluorocarbon coated) loaded by particulate matter (PM) emissions from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. The experimental results showed that the filtration efficiency in terms of PM mass and number increased over time for both types of filters. The fractional efficiency (penetration efficiency) curves for the test fibrous filters rendered a U-shaped curve for particle sizes from 70 to 500 nm, and the most penetrating particulate size (MPPS) decreased over time. A small fraction of accumulation mode particles with the size between 70 nm to 500 nm penetrated the filters while almost all nucleation mode particles with the size below 50 nm were captured by the filters. The filtration efficiency derived from an empirical model based on classical single-fiber theory for laden filters generally agreed with the experimental data for the first 500 s, but suffered a significant deviation by approximately one order of magnitude at 948 s. A better estimate of the filtration efficiency trend with the maximum deviation of about 20% (except for large particles at the high end of the measurement spectra) was obtained by using a revised model which incorporates the effects of the increase in filter solidity, local velocity, dynamic shape factor and effective total length of fibers during the filtration process.

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Simulation of deep-bed filtration of a gasoline particulate filter with inhomogeneous wall structure under different particle size distributions

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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In order to describe the microstructure of the porous wall of a gasoline particulate filter (GPF), a pore size distribution based on a probability density function (PDF) and a non-uniform porosity distribution are introduced. The dynamic process of deep-bed filtration in GPF with inhomogeneous wall structure is studied, considering different particle size distributions (PSDs). The results show that most of the particles are captured in the top region of the porous wall, in which the porosity and permeability reduce more obviously during dynamic filtration, and the bottom of the porous wall contributes little to the overall filtration. As time increases, the filtration efficiency of the porous wall for each particle size increases, and the most penetrating particle’s diameter becomes smaller gradually. The dynamic evolution of characteristic parameters of the porous wall, the most efficient filtration region, the pressure drop and the duration of deep-bed filtration are strongly influenced by PSD. This research illustrates the necessity to consider difference of PSDs when working on the filtration process of GPFs.

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Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Deep-Bed Capture Efficiency of an Exhaust Particulate Filter

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of deep-bed filtration of engine exhaust particulates with trapped mass

Evolution of deep-bed filtration of engine exhaust particulates with trapped mass

Filtration efficiency analysis of fibrous filters: Experimental and theoretical study on the sampling of agglomerate particles emitted from a GDI engine

Simulation of deep-bed filtration of a gasoline particulate filter with inhomogeneous wall structure under different particle size distributions

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