Effect of particle size, filler loadings and x-ray tube voltage on the transmitted x-ray transmission in tungsten oxide—epoxy composites

Azman, Nurul Zahirah Noor; Siddiqui, Salim; Hart, Robert J.; Low, It Meng

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.09.012

Cited by 109 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…The equivalent X-ray energies for the various X-ray tube voltages used were in the range of 17.5-60 keV, which conformed to our expectation since the equivalent X-ray energies for a mammography unit were 17.5, 19.6, 20.2 and 22.7 keV, which are the characteristic energies of molybdenum and rhodium, while the equivalent X-ray energy for a radiology unit is about one-third of the X-ray tube voltage used. The results showed that nano-sized WO 3 was more effective than micro-sized WO 3 in X-ray attenuation only in the low X-ray tube voltage range of 22-35 kV, but this size effect was not apparent at the higher X-ray operating tube voltage range of 40-120 kV [19]. Hence, the aim of this work was to verify our previous work on X-ray transmission in WO 3 -filled epoxy composites by using synchrotron radiations as the X-ray source for the characteristic (monochromatic) Xray energy range of 10-40 keV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Hence, the aim of this work was to verify our previous work on X-ray transmission in WO 3 -filled epoxy composites by using synchrotron radiations as the X-ray source for the characteristic (monochromatic) Xray energy range of 10-40 keV. The results obtained were compared with those of previous work [19] to determine the equivalent energy range of the previous machines used (a mammography unit and a radiology unit). Materials Science and Engineering C xxx (2013) xxx-xxx 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Details about the preparation of the WO 3 -epoxy composite samples are available in [19]. For the current work, the thickness of the samples was set at 2.0 mm.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, all the samples were examined again with a mammography unit and a radiology unit according to previous experiments [19].…”

Section: Measurements Of X-ray Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent work on WO 3 -filled epoxy composites [19], we investigated the effect of nano-sized and micro-sized WO 3 filler-epoxy composites on X-ray attenuation in the X-ray tube voltage range of 22-127 kV generated by a mammography unit and a general radiography unit. The equivalent X-ray energies for the various X-ray tube voltages used were in the range of 17.5-60 keV, which conformed to our expectation since the equivalent X-ray energies for a mammography unit were 17.5, 19.6, 20.2 and 22.7 keV, which are the characteristic energies of molybdenum and rhodium, while the equivalent X-ray energy for a radiology unit is about one-third of the X-ray tube voltage used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays

Azman

Siddiqui

Low

2013

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Characteristics of X-ray transmissions were investigated for epoxy composites filled with 2-10 vol% WO3 loadings using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at 10-40 keV. The results obtained were used to determine the equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of mammography and radiology machines. The results confirmed the superior attenuation ability of nano-sized WO3-epoxy composites in the energy range of 10-25 keV when compared to their micro-sized counterparts. However, at higher synchrotron radiation energies (i.e., 30-40 keV), the X-ray transmission characteristics were similar with no apparent size effect for both nano-sized and micro-sized WO3-epoxy composites. The equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of the mammography unit (25-49 kV) were in the range of 15-25 keV. Similarly, for a radiology unit operating at 40-60 kV, the equivalent energy range was 25-40 keV, and for operating voltages greater than 60 kV (i.e., 70-100 kV), the equivalent energy was in excess of 40 keV. The mechanical properties of epoxy composites increased initially with an increase in the filler loading but a further increase in the WO3 loading resulted in deterioration of flexural strength, modulus and hardness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Details about the preparation of the WO 3 -epoxy composite samples are available in [19]. For the current work, the thickness of the samples was set at 2.0 mm.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, all the samples were examined again with a mammography unit and a radiology unit according to previous experiments [19].…”

Section: Measurements Of X-ray Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays

Azman

Siddiqui

Low

2013

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Attenuation properties of epoxy‐Ta₂O₅ and epoxy‐Ta₂O₅‐Bi₂O₃ composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV

Muthamma

Bubbly

Gudennavar

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxy resin filled with suitable high Z elements can be a potential shield for X‐rays and γ‐rays. In this work, we present the γ‐ray attenuation properties of epoxy composites filled with (0–30 wt%) Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) and Ta2O5‐Bi2O3, which were prepared by open mold cast technique. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed crystalline peaks of Ta2O5 and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) in the prepared epoxy‐Ta2O5 and epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites. Homogeneity of the samples at higher filler wt% was revealed by SEM images. Mechanical characterization showed the enhanced mechanical strength of epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites compared to epoxy‐Ta2O5. Higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature of the epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites showed enhanced stiffness and thermal stability when compared to neat and epoxy‐Ta2O5. Decrease in the value of tan(δ) at higher content of filler loadings indicated the good adhesion between filler and matrix. Mass attenuation coefficients of epoxy‐Ta2O5 (30 wt%) composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV were found to be 0.876 cm2 g–1 and 0.084 cm2 g–1, while that of epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 (30 wt% Bi2O3) composite were 1.271 cm2 g–1 and 0.088 cm2 g–1, respectively. The epoxy‐5% Ta2O5‐30% Bi2O3 composites with higher μ/ρ value and tensile strength may be a potential γ‐ray shield in various radiation environments.

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The compressive property of a fiber‐reinforced resin beetle elytron plate and its influence mechanism

Chen

Pan

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To develop composite material beetle elytron plates (BEPs), short basalt fiberreinforced epoxy resin BEPs with hollow trabeculae and honeycomb walls were fabricated exploratively. Through comparison with honeycomb plates (HPs) with the same wall thickness, the basic mechanical performance, failure mode and influence mechanism were studied via out-of-plane compression tests. The results show that compared with HPs, the specific strength and energy consumption per volume of BEPs can be at least 18% and 112% higher, respectively; however, the increase is less than half that of BEPs made of ductile materials. The former is due to the synergistic mechanism of the trabecular-honeycomb structure in the BEP core layer, which endows the composite BEPs with better ductility than HPs, while the latter is caused by the prominent brittleness of the composite material used in this study. Additionally, the height-to-thickness ratio of the plate honeycomb wall in this article is not large enough. Thus, the core has great rigidity and fails to buckle in experiments; instead, shear failure of the core material occurs. This study reveals for the first time the mechanical compression properties and failure mechanism of brittle material BEPs and shows a direction for developing BEPs in similar material types.

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Effect of particle size, filler loadings and x-ray tube voltage on the transmitted x-ray transmission in tungsten oxide—epoxy composites

Cited by 109 publications

References 10 publications

Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays

Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays

Attenuation properties of epoxy‐Ta₂O₅ and epoxy‐Ta₂O₅‐Bi₂O₃ composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV

The compressive property of a fiber‐reinforced resin beetle elytron plate and its influence mechanism

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Effect of particle size, filler loadings and x-ray tube voltage on the transmitted x-ray transmission in tungsten oxide—epoxy composites

Cited by 109 publications

References 10 publications

Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays

Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays

Attenuation properties of epoxy‐Ta2O5 and epoxy‐Ta2O5‐Bi2O3 composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV

The compressive property of a fiber‐reinforced resin beetle elytron plate and its influence mechanism

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Attenuation properties of epoxy‐Ta₂O₅ and epoxy‐Ta₂O₅‐Bi₂O₃ composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662 keV