Effect of Parturition on Sow Urinary Creatinine

Bate, L. A.; Hacker, R. R.

doi:10.4141/cjas81-111

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The average daily urinary creatinine excretion of 105 mgjkg 0 75 was in close agreement with the estimates of Aulstad (1970), Duggal & Eggum (1978), and Bate & Hacker (1981). It was expected that the greater the errors in the urine collection, the greater would be the day-to-day variability in urinary creatinine excretion.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Moughan

Smith

1984

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Reservations about the interpretation of 3 recent empirical estimates of the ideal amino acid balance for the growing pig prompted this study. A basal diet was formulated, in which enzymatically hydrolysed casein supplemented with synthetic amino acids was the sole protein source. The balance of essential amino acids in the diet was close to the mean of the 3 published estimates. Eight entire male pigs of 28 kg initial liveweight were confined in metabolism crates, and fed the basal diet for 20 days. They were then fed a protein-free diet for a further 8 days. The basal diet was fed at a level (based on body weight} calculated to allow a body protein deposition rate of 100 gfday. The protein-free diet was fed at a level which ensured an equivalent intake of all nutrients (except protein) to that of the basal diet. Mean daily excretion of urinary urea nitrogen (N) over 6-day collection periods was 93 and 19 mgfkg 075 for pigs fed the basal diet and the protein-free diet respectively. If it is assumed that the difference between these values was attributable to deamination of amino acids from the basal diet, the efficiency of dietary protein utilisation was 0.940. Taking into consideration the difficulties encountered in accurate measurement of irreducible minimum urinary urea nitrogen excretion, it was concluded that the amino acid pattern of the basal diet was close to an ideal balance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Moughan

Smith

1984

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…There is no obvious explanation for this discrepancy. Creatinine excretion is known to vary greatly among individual animals, and with physiological state (Bate and Hacker, 1981). Although urine was collected for only 1 d, the animals were allowed 5 d of adaptation before 24-h urine collection; this procedure should have improved the reliability of the creatinine measurement; creatinine excretion shows very little daily variation after a preliminary period has been allowed (Hodgen et al, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary Feed Intake, Acid-Base Balance and Partitioning of Urinary Nitrogen in Lambs Fed Corn Silage with Added Sodium Bicarbonate or Sodium Sesquicarbonate

Phillip

Hidalgo

1989

Journal of Animal Science

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An experiment with growing lambs was designed to test the hypothesis that alterations in blood acid-base status would influence intake of corn silage. Six wethers (29 kg) were fed a diet of corn silage (36% DM, 8% CP) supplemented with 1.25% urea and .2% sulfur. At feeding time, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium sesquicarbonate (NaSC) were added to the silage at levels of 0, 2% or 4% of diet DM. The treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial, and the study was conducted as a 6 x 4 incomplete latin square with four 17-d periods. Voluntary intake of OM was not different (P greater than .05) between NaHCO3 (1,008 g/d) and NaSC (1,041 g/d). There was no significant interaction between type of buffer (NaHCO3 or NaSC) and level of buffer on any of the variables measured. The progressive increase in buffer load did not alter feed intake (P greater than .05), although there was a quadratic response (P less than .05) in urine pH and a linear increase (P less than .01) in blood HCO3- 2 h after feeding. There was no evidence that lambs fed corn silage experienced metabolic acid stress. Urinary excretion of ammonia and urea were indicative of changes, although not pronounced, in ammoniuria and ureapoiesis in response to bicarbonate loading. This study implies that corn silage imposes no "acid stress" on lambs and, consequently, that there is no nutritional benefit in adding buffers to corn silage for sheep.

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“…The phenomenon of excretion in the lying area and lying in the excreting area may occur, resulting in worsening the hygienic conditions of the pen [11,25]. The placement of the water trough can induce pig excretion in a specific area and improve the cleanliness the lying area [35]. We expected that most of the excretion behavior of pigs would occur on slatted floors; instead, we observed the opposite pattern.…”

Section: Pig Behaviors and Pen Floor Cleanlinessmentioning

confidence: 73%

The Effects of Space Allowance and Toy Provision on the Growth, Spatiotemporal Distribution of Behavior, and Pen Cleanliness of Finishing Pigs

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Excretion and lying are key behavioral factors that cause pen fouling, thereby affecting pig welfare, pathogen fecal–oral transmission, and air quality in pig housing. This study investigated the effect of space allowance and toy provision on the spatiotemporal distribution of pigs’ excreting and lying behavior, as well as the score of floor cleanliness in finishing pig pens. A total of 144 Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc hybrid fattening pigs were randomly assigned to 12 part-slatted pens at stocking densities of 0.75, 1.05, and 1.35 m2/pig with 12 pigs per pen, and 2 pens at each density level were provided with hanging chains and rubber stars as toys. The results showed that for the average daily gain (ADG) of the pigs, the main effect of space allowance was significant (p < 0.05). The ADG at the stocking density level of 1.35 m2/pig was significantly higher than 0.75 and 1.05 m2/pig (p < 0.05). The ADG of the pigs at a density of 0.75 m2/pig in the toys group was significantly higher than the no toys group (p < 0.05). When occupied space was limited, the provision of toys was beneficial to the growth performance of the pigs. Space allowance and toy provision did not affect the time-varying regularity of the pigs but had a certain impact on the areas where the two behaviors occurred. At a density of 1.35 m2/pig, the excreting rate in the corner areas of the slatted floor and the lying rate in the middle area of the solid floor were significantly higher than at a density of 0.75 and 1.05 m2/pig (p < 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, when the stocking density was 1.35 m2/pig and toys were provided, the average daily gain of the pigs was the highest, and the pigs excreted more in the defined excretion area, lay more in the lying area, and the cleanliness of the lying area was also higher. In the case of space constraints, the provision of toys can offset some of the adverse effects of space constraints on pig growth and pen cleanliness.

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Effect of Parturition on Sow Urinary Creatinine

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Assessment of a balance of dietary amino acids required to maximise protein utilisation in the growing pig (20–80 kg liveweight)

Voluntary Feed Intake, Acid-Base Balance and Partitioning of Urinary Nitrogen in Lambs Fed Corn Silage with Added Sodium Bicarbonate or Sodium Sesquicarbonate

The Effects of Space Allowance and Toy Provision on the Growth, Spatiotemporal Distribution of Behavior, and Pen Cleanliness of Finishing Pigs

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