Effect of patchouli alcohol on the regulation of heat shock-induced oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells

Abstract

Purpose Patchouli alcohol (PA) is used to treat gastrointestinal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the function of PA in the regulated process of oxidative stress in rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6). Materials and methods Oxidative stress was stimulated by exposing IEC-6 cells to heat shock (42 °C for 3 h). IEC-6 cells in treatment groups were pretreated with various concentrations of PA (10, 40, and 80 ng/mL) for 3 h before heat shock. Results Heat shock caused damage to the morphology of IEC-6 cells, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression by target genes related to oxidative stress in heat shock were also altered. Specifically, the mRNA expression by HSP70, HSP90, GSH-px, NRF2 nd HO-1were all increased, and Nrf2 and Keap1 protein expression were increased after heat shock. However, pretreatment with PA weakened the level of damage to the cellular morphology, and decreased the MDA content caused by heat shock, indicating PA had cytoprotective activities. Pretreatment with PA at high dose significantly increased generation of intracellular ROS. Compared with the heat shock group alone, PA pretreatment significantly decreased the mRNA expression by HSP70, HSP90, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, KEAP1 and HO-1. Furthermore, the high dose of PA significantly increased Nrf2 protein expression, while both the intermediate and high dose of PA significantly increased HO-1 protein expression. Conclusion Heat-shock-induced oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells, and PA could alleviate the Nrf2-Keap1 cellular oxidative stress responses.

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on the Milk Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Dairy Cattle

“…In the present study, the mRNA expression of GSH-px and CAT was increased in TCM treatment groups, which indicated that TCM could regulate the activity of GSH-px and CAT to help resist heat stress by increasing the mRNA expression of antioxidants. Similar results were obtained in a previous study, which found that the mRNA expression of GSH-px and CAT was increased in suitable TCM treatment groups (Liu et al, 2016). The reasons for the increase of GSH-px and CAT expression caused by the addition of TCM may be that TCMs used in our experiment have anti-oxidant functions, such as Astragalus membranceus and hawthorn (Li et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2014).…”

“…The production of oxygen free radicals and the accompanying damage to the organism are controlled by antioxidant defense systems (Aggarwal et al, 2013). Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) are two important antioxidants in the body (Liu et al, 2016).…”

“…species, which results in cell death and apoptosis of lymphocytes (Liu et al, 2016). Apoptosis is a complex process and p53 can activate cell apoptosis by the intrinsic pathway which triggered by proapoptotic members of Bcl-2.…”

“…The body performs its antioxidant functions through enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT). They can protect cells when faced with oxidative damage caused by free radicals (Wu et al, 2016) Therefore, the mRNA expression level of the GSH-Px and CAT genes could be influenced by heat stress (Liu et al, 2016). Another change that occurs during heat stress is the reduction of immune function.…”

Availability, Pharmaceutics, Security, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Patchouli Alcohol

“…(II) As an in vitro study, Liu et al demonstrated that PA reversed heat stress-stimulated Keap 1 and HO-1 mRNA expressions promotion in cultured IEC-6 (rat intestinal epithelial cell), and the modulatory effects of PA on injured cell by oxidative stress were superior to that of glutamine [65]. (III) Considering that inflammation and oxidative injury interacted with each other, both anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of PA were investigated in UV radiation-induced cutaneous photoaging mice [66] and in ethanol, indomethacin, and stress-induced ulcer rats [67].…”