Effect of Peanut Hulls on the Performance of Corn<sup>1</sup>

Lutz, J. A.; Jones, G. D.

doi:10.2134/agronj1978.00021962007000050021x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This value is 2 -4 fold higher than most common agricultural wastes such as rice straw, wheat straw, sugar cane bagasse and corn cob/stover [11,12]. The high lignin content of peanut shells is largely responsible for their recalcitrance to biodegradation under normal environmental conditions; for their reportedly low digestibility in ruminants [6,[20][21][22][23], and for the cost-intensive hydrolysis that is required to obtain fermentable sugars from them for bioenergy and pulp industries [12]. White rot fungi are nature's reservoir of inexpensive, environmentally friendly, complex enzymes that can selectively degrade lignin in situ, and their use for these purposes is supported in literature [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

FN¹,

Yusuf²

2016

J Bioremed Biodeg

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IntroductionPeanut shells (PS) are abundant agro-industrial waste products that are recalcitrant to degradation under natural conditions [1]. The increasing expansion of peanut production has led to accumulation of large quantities of these shells all over the world. In the US alone, peanut production increased by 45% between 2011 and 2012, bringing production to 3.04 million metric tons [2]. Globally, 45.6 million metric tons of peanuts are produced annually [3]. It has been estimated that for every kg of peanuts produced, 230-300 g of peanut shells are generated [4]. Therefore, as much as 13.7 million metric tons of peanut shells are churned out every year, most of which are dumped into the environment or burned [5,6]. Peanut shells are a renewable resource that could be targeted for purposeful use in the food, feed, paper and bioenergy industries. However, as yet, few if any value-added uses exist for them [7].Over the years, various attempts to utilize peanut shells have been made. Small fractions were incorporated into animal feed, especially for cattle [8], while some authors have experimented on their use as dietary fiber for humans [9]. Other non-food research trials include uses in pulp production [10], feedstock for bioethanol production [11,12], particle board component [13], mulch and activated charcoal [7]. However, the major drawback to their use in large scale industrial operations is the high lignin content.Much like other agricultural lignocellulolysic biomass, peanut shells are composed mainly of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin, a complex polymer, is the most recalcitrant component of plant biomass [14] and binds tightly to, and provides a physical seal around, cellulose and hemicellulose [11,[15][16][17][18], thereby protecting them against attack by hydrolytic enzymes. The restricted bioavailability of these sugars and other components is thought to be largely physical, with lignin molecules reducing the surface area available to enzymatic penetration and activity [19]. In order to gain access to the sugars in cellulose and AbstractWorld consumption of peanuts has increased tremendously, resulting in abundance of peanut shell waste. The high lignin content of peanut shells limits their bioconversion to useful products or recycling. Therefore, the synergy in co-substrating peanut shells (PS) and cornstalks (CS) to enhance biodegradation was evaluated. Various compositions of peanut shells and cornstalks (% dry weight) herein called co-substrate -90PS:10CS, 75PS:25CS, 50PS:50CS, 25PS:75CS, 10PS:90CS, and two controls Cont1-100PS and Cont2-100CS were studied under solid state fermentation (SSF) with a white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus for 120 days. A two-factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD) was used. Results showed that substrate composition and fermentation time were important variables in substrate degradation. Lignin degradation, losses in organic matter, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with time. Increasing the composition of CS in co-substrates...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

FN¹,

Yusuf²

2016

J Bioremed Biodeg

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“…This should be beneficial in soils that limit root proliferation into subsurface horizons since seed yields of soybeans can be reduced ap-682 preciably by moisture stress during and after pod development. Lutz and Jones (1978) reported that peanut hull application increased corn (Zea mays L.) yields on a Tatum silt loam as a result of increased moisture holding capacity and increased available K. Robinson and Burdick (1978) have reported 1~hat water extracts made from the Virginia-type peanut hulls can result in lower germination (40%) and shorter shoot lengths (12 mm) for cucumber (Cucu.mis sativus L.) seedlings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Soybean Yields as Influenced by Peanut Hull Applications¹

Reneau¹,

Jones²,

Lutz³

1980

Agronomy Journal

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Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) hulls are a waste product that have potential for increasing crop yields when recycled to agricultural land as a source of nutrients and as a mulching material. This study was conducted to determine if peanut hulls could be applied at disposal rates and simultaneously increase soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields as a result of increased nutrients and moisture in the rooting zone of soils that are acid and have a high exchangeable A1 content that restricts the soil volume available for root proliferation. Peanut hulls were applied to a Tatum (Typic Hapludults, clayey, mixed, thermic) silt loam soil at rates of 0, 21, 42, and 84 × 103 kg/ha on unfertilized plots and plots that received 49 kg P and 93 kg K/ha. In 1977, a year of moisture stress, peanut hulls increased the yield of seed by 500 kg/ha and forage by 1,560 kg/ha as a result of increased plant available moisture in the fertilized plots. Moisture in the 15 to 30 cm zone averaged 0.33 mm/cm greater in the peanut hull plots. On the unfertilized plots bean yields increased at a linear rate with each 1,000 kg/ha of hulls producing 21 kg/ha of seeds. This response resulted from an increase in both available P and moisture. In 1978, a year of more optimum moisture conditions, hull application did not increase yields in the fertilized plots. Yields in the unfertilized plots could be described by a second order polynomial and approximately 50 × 103 kg/ha of hulls were required to equal yields produced with fertilizer application. Hulls significantly increased the P concentration in the tissue for both the unfertilized and fertilized plots. The P concentration increased by 0.01% for each 5,000 kg/ha of hulls applied for both the unfertilized and fertilized plots. Application of peanut hulls to soils that restrict root proliferation can supply the nutrients needed for soybean production and create more favorable soil moisture conditions.

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Chemical composition and in‐vitro digestibility of thermochemically treated peanut hulls

et al. 1986

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Changes in chemical composition and digestibility of peanut hulls after a variety of thermochemical treatments were monitored. Mineral acids and base under elevated temperature (121°C) were generally ineffective for decreasing the fibrous, lignocellulosic component of the hulls. Only nitric acid-treatment effectively decreased the relative lignin content of the hulls. The 1ignin:nitrogen ratio and carbohydrate content of treated hulls were both highly correlated with in-vitro digestibility. Overall, thermochemical treatments did not increase the digestibility of peanut hulls.

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Effect of Peanut Hulls on the Performance of Corn¹

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Soybean Yields as Influenced by Peanut Hull Applications¹

Chemical composition and in‐vitro digestibility of thermochemically treated peanut hulls

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Effect of Peanut Hulls on the Performance of Corn1

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Soybean Yields as Influenced by Peanut Hull Applications1

Chemical composition and in‐vitro digestibility of thermochemically treated peanut hulls

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Effect of Peanut Hulls on the Performance of Corn¹

Soybean Yields as Influenced by Peanut Hull Applications¹