Effect of pentachlorophenol on immune function

Blakley, Barry; Yole, Margaret; Brousseau, Pauline; Boermans, Herman J.; Fournier, Michel

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00154-6

Cited by 45 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The main toxicity of chlorpyrifos is neurotoxicity, which is caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (Whitney et al, 1995;Moser, 2000;Chanda and Pope, 1996;Chakraborti et al, 1993). On the other hand, it has been reported that chlorpyrifos caused immunologic abnormalities in animals (Blakley et al, 1999) and humans (Thrasher et al, 1993(Thrasher et al, , 2002, Exposure to chlorpyrifos is associated with multiple chemical sensitivity (Berkson, 1994;Ziem and McTamney, 1997). The above findings strongly encouraged us to explore the possibility of arsenic-and chlorpyrifos-induced immunologic abnormalities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Administration of Curcumin Mitigates Arsenic - and Chlorpyrifos - induced Apoptosis in Rat Thymocytes

Prakash¹

2014

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the arsenic and chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis alone or in combination. In addition, the ameliorative efficacy of curcumin on as and/or chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis in rat thymocytes in vivo. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 80-100g were divided into nine groups containing seven animals in each. The rats were fed with arsenic (20 ppm) in drinking water, chlorpyrifos (5 mg/kg body wt.), curcumin (100 mg/kg body wt.) and their combination for 28 days. After 28 days of exposure period, animals were sacrificed with cervical dislocation and thymus was collected to harvest the thymocytes and further reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (by using non fluorescent DCFH-DA), % apoptotic DNA (by using propidium iodide) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (by using DiOC 6 ) were evaluated using Becton Dickenson Flowcytometer. The results showed that, the chlorpyrifos-induced per cent apoptotic DNA content (15.75±1.38), cells with loss of ψ Δm (16.70±1.33) and ROS generation (23.93±1.18) were significantly higher than the arsenic alone (10.95±1.05), (13.75±1.44) and (21.86±0.84) respectively, at given doses due to increased production of ROS. Arsenic and chlorpyrifos in combination potentiated the induction of apoptosis than their alone effect, however concurrent administration of curcumin considerably inhibited the induction of apoptosis by scavenging free radicals.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Administration of Curcumin Mitigates Arsenic - and Chlorpyrifos - induced Apoptosis in Rat Thymocytes

Prakash¹

2014

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…In general, most experimental models have identified decreased immune functions following acute exposure. Increased lymphocyte counts paralleled by reduced responsiveness to immune stimulating factors were observed following chlorpyrifos (Blakley et al, 1999) or diazinon exposure (Handy et al, 2002). Contrary to such observations, enhanced immune activity was detected following exposure to lower non-cholinergic doses (Pruett, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The cytotoxic effects of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon differ from their immunomodulating effects

Oostingh

Wichmann

Schmittner

et al. 2009

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Methoxychlor and Endosulfan causesabberrant IgA and IgG production [6,7]. Pesticides associated immunomodulatory consequences may include immune enhancement, such as hypersensitivity and autoimmunity or immune suppression, which may increase the incidence of infectious disease or neoplastic transformation [8][9][10]. General toxicity of compounds could be assessed in vitro by evaluating degree and extent of test substance exposure induced cell death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Immunotoxicity Testing of Pesticides using Human Cytokine Promoter Based Reporter Cell Lines

Thakur¹

2013

Clin Exp Pharmacol

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Pesticides including fungicides, herbicides and insecticides are the class of chemicals deliberately released into the environment because of their utility. Worldwide, an estimated, 3 million cases of pesticide exposure are reported per year. It has been established that pesticide chemicals can alter immune function and causes immunotoxicity. We have developed a model for immunotoxicity testing of chemicals in vitro by analyzing cytokine gene expression. The changes in cytokine gene expression observed in vitro was used as an endpoint for studying perturbation of the immune system in vivo. This system employs cell lines that have been transformed using constructs that have promoter region of Th1, Th2 cytokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These promoter regions regulate the expression of a reporter gene, Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), and the activity of promoter to the external stimuli was compared with the expression of endogenous cytokine genes. CyclosporinA, FK506 (tacrolimus) and pentoxifylline, have been tested on this model and they showed specific pattern of suppression of reporter gene expression treated with PMA/ Ionomycin and LPS. These immunosuppressants also suppressed the PMA/Ionomycin and LPS induced endogenous gene expression of these cytokines. Thus our model has potential for application as a predictive screening test system for immunomodulatory activities of chemicals. The validation of the model was carried out using three pesticides chlorpyriphos, cypermethrin and captan that were known to have immunosuppressive activity on the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Following exposure to above pesticides, we also observed decrease in Th1 and Th2 cytokines promoter activity based GFP expression in our transformed cells line. Thus our model efficiently predicts the immunosuppressant nature of pesticides and therefore may serve as a tool for preliminary high throughput immunotoxicity screening of test agents such as pesticides and other environmental pollutants.

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Effect of pentachlorophenol on immune function

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Concurrent Administration of Curcumin Mitigates Arsenic - and Chlorpyrifos - induced Apoptosis in Rat Thymocytes

Concurrent Administration of Curcumin Mitigates Arsenic - and Chlorpyrifos - induced Apoptosis in Rat Thymocytes

The cytotoxic effects of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon differ from their immunomodulating effects

In Vitro Immunotoxicity Testing of Pesticides using Human Cytokine Promoter Based Reporter Cell Lines

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