Effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labour, on the incidence of episiotomy and perineal tears

Raja, Abinaya; Pallavee, P; Samal, Rupal

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191186

Cited by 5 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Again the current findings are matched with Raja, et al (2019) (30) reported that, the mean duration of 2 nd stage of labor in the massage group was significantly shorter than in the control group. Furthermore, (31) in Egypt conducted randomized controlled trial, reported a highly statistically significant reduction the average duration of the 2 nd stage of labor in the perineal massage and kegel exercise group compared to the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Late Pregnancy Self-Perineal Massage on the Perineal State of the Primiparturients

Abd-Ella

Kandeel

Gouda

2021

Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perineal massage help to stretch the vaginal opening and surrounding perineal muscles through applying of external manual pressure, It increases the flexibility of the perineal muscles, thereby reducing muscle resistance, causing the perineum to stretch during labor without rupture and no need for an episiotomy. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of late pregnancy self-perineal massage on the perineal state of the primi-parturients. Methods:Quasi experimental design was used to conduct this study at a private hospital of obstetrics and gynecology specialty at El-Mahalla El -Kobra city, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. A nonprobability purposive sample of 68 pregnant women were invited to participate in the study and were divided into two groups (n=34 per each group); the intervention group (underwent late pregnancy self-perineal massage) and control group (underwent conventional hospital protocol of care). Two tools were used to collect the data; the first tool was a structured interview schedule to assess participants' basic characteristics. The second tool was assessment sheet to assess the duration of labor, perineal state and neonatal outcomes after delivery. Results: Post intervention, there was statistical significant difference between the studied groups regarding perineal trauma in which 82.4% of the subjects in the perineal massage group had intact perineum compared to 64.7% of the control group. The mean duration of second stage of labor was shorter in the perineal massage group compared to control group (54.411 ± 3.105 & 57.176 ± 2.989, respectively). Conclusion: The current study findings highlighted those primi-parturient women who perform late pregnancy selfperineal massage exhibits shorter duration of labor and experiences lower perineal trauma as well as reports lower postpartal perineal pain. This study recommended that late pregnancy self-perineal massage technique should be considered as a part of the routine perinatal care to reduce the incidence of perineal trauma.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Late Pregnancy Self-Perineal Massage on the Perineal State of the Primiparturients

Abd-Ella

Kandeel

Gouda

2021

Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Result presented as forest plot shown in figure 4, it was significantly lower the risk of second-degree perineal tear (RR: 1.05, 95% CI 0.9-1.22, p= 0.66) compared to control group without heterogeneity (I 2 =0%). Third degree perineal tear: Five studies reported third-degree perineal tear outcomes (14,15,(21)(22)(23). Result presented as forest plot shown in figure 5, it was significantly lower the risk of third-degree perineal tear (RR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.06-6.59, p= 0.66) compared to control group without heterogeneity (I 2 =38%).…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Because of the statistical heterogeneity among the included studies were less than 50% (I 2 =0%, p =0.37), fixed effects model was used for pooled analysis. First degree perineal tear: Risk of first-degree perineal tear was reported in eight studies (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(21)(22)(23). Meta-analysis findings indicated (Figure 3) lower the risk of first-degree perineal tear (RR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.90-1.59 p=0.13) compared to control group with considerable heterogeneity [I 2 =37%].…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Result presented as forest plot shown in figure 5, it was significantly lower the risk of third-degree perineal tear (RR: 0.61, 95% CI 0.06-6.59, p= 0.66) compared to control group without heterogeneity (I 2 =38%). Fourth degree perineal tear: Risk of fourth degree perineal tear recorded in five studies (14,15,(21)(22)(23) were combined and analyzed to assess the effect of perineal massage during labor to prevent the risk of fourth degree perineal tear. Result presented as forest plot shown in figure 6, it was significantly reducing the risk of fourth degree perineal tear (RR: 0.32, 95% CI 0.18-0.59 p= 0.95) compared to control group without considerable heterogeneity (I 2 =0%).…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Result presented as forest plot shown in figure 6, it was significantly reducing the risk of fourth degree perineal tear (RR: 0.32, 95% CI 0.18-0.59 p= 0.95) compared to control group without considerable heterogeneity (I 2 =0%). Intact perineum: Seven studies mentioned the incidence of intact perineum (14,15,18,19,21,22,23). Result presented as forest plot shown in figure 7, it maintains the intact perineum significantly (RR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.84-1.24, p= 0.15) compared to control group, with considerable heterogeneity [I 2 =36%].…”

Section: Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Perineal Massage for Prevention of Perineal Trauma and Episiotomy During Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Venugopal¹,

Deenadayalan²,

Maheshkumar³

et al. 2022

JFRH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Vaginal births are associated with a certain degree of trauma to the genital tract, with significant short-term and long-term morbidity. Awareness of morbidity following perineal trauma has led to application of different interventions during the late first stage and second stage of labour to prevent severe perineal trauma. This includes techniques such as perineal massage, warm and cold compresses, and perineal management techniques. Objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of perineal massage during the late first stage and second stage of labour on the rate of episiotomy and risk of perineal trauma. Materials and methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Science Direct) were searched from inception until August 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compares perineal massage during labor (i.e., intervention group) with a control group in women with singleton gestation and cephalic presentation at ≥36 weeks. The primary outcome was severe perineal trauma and the rate of episiotomy. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to produce summary treatment effects in terms of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Ten trials including 4,088 women were analyzed. Women with perineal massage during labor had a significantly lower incidence of severe perineal trauma (RR: 0.52, 95% CI 0.29- 0.94) compared to the control group. The incidence of episiotomy was lower in the perineal massage group (RR: 0.71, 95% CI 0.52-0.98 p < 0.01) but was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The finding of meta-analysis showed that perineal massage during labor could be effective in reducing the risk of severe perineal trauma, such as third- and fourth-degree spontaneous lacerations during labor.

show abstract

Efficacy of perineal massage during the second stage of labor for the prevention of perineal injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Marcos‐Rodríguez

Leirós‐Rodríguez

Hernández‐Lucas

2023

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundNumerous interventions to reduce perineal trauma during childbirth have been studied in recent years, including perineal massage.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of perineal massage during the second stage of labor to prevent perineal damage.Search StrategySystematic search in PubMed, Pedro, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, BioMed, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, and MEDLINE with the terms Massage, Second labor stage, Obstetric delivery, and Parturition.Selection CriteriaThe articles must have been published in the last 10 years; the perineal massage was administered to the study sample; and the experimental design consisted of randomized controlled trial.Data Collection and AnalysisTables were used to describe both the studies' characteristics and the extracted data. The PEDro and Jadad scales were used to assess the quality of studies.Main ResultsOf the 1172 total results identified, nine were selected. Seven studies were included in the meta‐analysis and indicated a statistically significant decreased number of episiotomies in perineal massage.ConclusionsMassage during the second stage of labor appears to be effective in preventing episiotomies and reducing the duration of the second stage of labor. However, it does not appear to be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of perineal tears.

show abstract

Effect of perineal massage in the second stage of labour, on the incidence of episiotomy and perineal tears

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of Late Pregnancy Self-Perineal Massage on the Perineal State of the Primiparturients

Effect of Late Pregnancy Self-Perineal Massage on the Perineal State of the Primiparturients

Perineal Massage for Prevention of Perineal Trauma and Episiotomy During Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Efficacy of perineal massage during the second stage of labor for the prevention of perineal injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About