Effect of permeation enhancers on the penetration mechanism of transfersomal gel of ketoconazole

Rajan, Reshmy; Vasudevan, Deepa T

doi:10.4103/2231-4040.97286

Cited by 73 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These skin pieces were immersed in normal saline briefly and then mounted between donor and receptor compartments of Franz diffusion cells. The study conditions and analytical methods were identical to in vitro release study as mentioned before (Rajan and Vasudevan, 2012). All experimental procedures including handling, were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (Registration number: 144/2013) complied with the guidelines set out by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Animal Welfare Division, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, India.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsponges based novel drug delivery system for augmented arthritis therapy

Osmani

Aloorkar²,

Ingale³

et al. 2015

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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The motive behind present work was to formulate and evaluate gel containing microsponges of diclofenac diethylamine to provide prolonged release for proficient arthritis therapy. Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method was implied using Eudragit RS-100 and microsponges with varied drug-polymer ratios were prepared. For the sake of optimization, diverse factors affecting microparticles physical properties were too investigated. Microsponges were characterized by SEM, DSC, FT-IR, XRPD and particle size analysis, and evaluated for morphology, drug loading, in vitro drug release and ex vivo diffusion as well. There were no chemical interactions between drug and polymers used as revealed by compatibility studies outcomes. The drug polymer ratio reflected notable effect on drug content, encapsulation efficiency and particle size. SEM results revealed spherical microsponges with porous surface, and had 7.21 μm mean particle size. The microsponges were then incorporated in gel; which exhibited viscous modulus along with pseudoplastic behavior. In vitro drug release results depicted that microsponges with 1:2 drug-polymer ratio were more efficient to give extended drug release of 75.88% at the end of 8 h; while conventional formulation get exhausted incredibly earlier by releasing 81.11% drug at the end of 4 h only. Thus the formulated microsponge-based gel of diclofenac diethylamine would be a promising alternative to conventional therapy for safer and efficient treatment of arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsponges based novel drug delivery system for augmented arthritis therapy

Osmani

Aloorkar²,

Ingale³

et al. 2015

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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“…1ml sample was withdrawn at predetermined time intervals for 24 hours and drug content was analyzed by UV-VIS double beam spectrophotometer (ChemitoSpectrascan UV2600, India) at 245nm. [12]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenes: Effect of lipophilicity in enhancing transdermal delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride

Prasanthi

Lakshmi

2012

J Adv Pharm Technol Res

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Transdermal drug delivery has attracted much attention as an alternative to intravenous and oral methods of delivery. But the main barrier is stratum corneum. Terpenes classes of chemical enhancers are used in transdermal formulations for facilitating penetration of drugs. The aim of the study is to evaluate terpenes as skin penetration enhancers and correlate its relationship with permeation and lipophilicity. In this study, alfuzosin hydrochloride (AH) hydrogels were prepared with terpenes using Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design. The formulations contained one of eight terpenes, based on their lipophilicity (log P 2.13-5.36). The percutaneous permeation was studied in rat skin using diffusion cell technique. Flux, cumulative amount, lag time and skin content of AH were measured over 24 hours and compared with control gels. Nerolidol with highest lipophilicity (log P 5.36 ± 0.38) showed highest cumulative amount (Q24) of 647.29 ± 18.76 μg/cm2 and fluxrateof 28.16 ± 0.64 μg/cm2/hour. It showed decreased lag time of 0.76 ± 0.15 hours. Fenchone (2.5%) (log P 2.13 ± 0.30) produced the longest lag time 4.8 ± 0.20 hours. The rank order of enhancement effect was shown as nerolidol > farnesol > limonene > linalool > geraniol > carvone > fenchone > menthol. Lowest skin content was seen with carvone. Increase in lipophilicity of terpenes showed increase in flux, cumulative amount (Q24), and enhancement ratio which was significant with P < 0.000. But lag time was decreased and no correlation was found between lipophilicity and skin content. Histological studies showed changes in dermis which can be attributed to disruption of lipid packing of stratum corneum due to effect of nerolidol within lipid lamellae. It was found that small alcoholic terpenes with high degree of unsaturation enhance permeation of hydrophilic drugs, liquid terpenes enhance better than solid terpenes and terpenes with high lipophilicity are good penetration enhancers.

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“…Peppermint oil fragrance, which according to literature (12), may be also used as permeation enhancer, was used as an additive in our gel formulations at diff erent concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %, Table II). The results showed that peppermint oil, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 % slightly reduced viscosity in all the studied gel samples, whereas at a concentration of 1.5 %, it signifi cantly reduced viscosity in polyacrylic acid polymer-based gels with Ultrez 10, Ultrez 20, and Carbopol 980 but not with Carbopol 940.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro permeation studies of phenolics from horse chestnut seed gels prepared with different polyacrylic acid polymer derivatives

et al. 2015

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In vitro permeation studies of phenolics from horse chestnut seed gels prepared with diff erent polyacrylic acid polymer derivativesThe aim of this study was to investigate the eff ects of polyacrylic acid polymers (Ultrez 10, Ultrez 20, Carbopol 980, and Carbopol 940) on the viscosity and the in vitro permeation of phenolic compounds from the gel prepared from natural horse chestnut seed extract. Experiments were performed in the presence and in the absence of peppermint oil (Mentha piperita). Our results showed that peppermint oil decreased the viscosity of the gels and permeation of phenolic compounds from all gel samples. Results show that the highest content of phenolic compounds (1.758 µg cm -2 ) permeated in vitro from gel based on Carbopol Ultrez 20 without peppermint oil added (p < 0.05 vs. other tested polymers).

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Effect of permeation enhancers on the penetration mechanism of transfersomal gel of ketoconazole

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Microsponges based novel drug delivery system for augmented arthritis therapy

Microsponges based novel drug delivery system for augmented arthritis therapy

Terpenes: Effect of lipophilicity in enhancing transdermal delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride

In vitro permeation studies of phenolics from horse chestnut seed gels prepared with different polyacrylic acid polymer derivatives

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