Effect of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) on oxygen saturation and dehydration status in COVID-19 nurses in Gorontalo Province

Abstract

The Executive Board of the Indonesian Doctors Association (PB IDI) confirmed that no less than 228 health workers including nurses, died from the corona virus. Lack of oxygen can result in hypoxia, coupled with the use of Hazmat and a longer number of shift hours, this results in increased body heat. Body heat is closely related to fluid balance, the higher the body heat, the more sweat that comes out, if not balanced with fluid replacement it will cause dehydration. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a “group pre and posttest design”. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the average decrease in oxygen saturation was 4% and examination of Dehydration Status through urine color with an average increase of 1.1. Results of Oxygen Saturation Based on the statistical analysis Wilcoxon test p value <0.05 and Dehydration Status Assessment Based on the Wilcoxon test statistical analysis, the value of p <0.05, so from these results it could be concluded that there was an effect on the use of personal protective equipment. (PPE) Against Oxygen Concentration in the Body and Dehydration Status of Covid-19 Nurses in Gorontalo Province.

Effects of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment on Serum Cortisol Levels and Physiological Variables in Healthcare Workers: A Randomised Controlled Trial in a Simulated Pandemic Environment

“…Oxygen consumption have been shown to be increased with wearing a PPE kit [17]. Significantly lower SpO2 in the PPE group compared to the control group across conditions might explain the tiredness or fatigue with PPE use as documented [21], however, it is interesting that overall the levels are in the normal range in our study which might be explained by the less restrictive type of full-body PPE kit. However, this necessitates further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms accounting for its decrease [19,21].…”

“…We found SPO2 to be decreased in the PPE group during and after intervention similar to previous studies. In a study of nurses who wore PPE with N95 and coverall hazmat, SPO2 was found to be decreased by 2% and was associated with significant complaints of breathing difficulty because it can influence air circulation and ventilation process and thus cause hypoxia [21]. In a similar study, SPO2 levels of 98.57% before wearing PPE decreased to 98.34% with PPE and after the removal of PPE it was 98.39% -without major variation, it remained around 98% [10].…”

Water and Beverages Intake Among Workers Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

“…The classification of PPE level was in adherence to the Ministry of Health standard of COVID-19 conduct in Indonesia where it is necessary to wear N95 mask, coverall/gown, boots, goggles, face shield, gloves, head cap, and apron (29). Aswad and Loleh showed that in Indonesia, PPE utilization among nurses affected urine color significantly due to heat and low intake of water during PPE utilization (30).…”

“…The classification of PPE level was in adherence to the Ministry of Health standard of COVID-19 conduct in Indonesia where it is necessary to wear N95 mask, coverall/gown, boots, goggles, face shield, gloves, head cap, and apron ( 29 ). Aswad and Loleh showed that in Indonesia, PPE utilization among nurses affected urine color significantly due to heat and low intake of water during PPE utilization ( 30 ). Participants with the highest level of PPE utilization might be aware of their condition where they experienced higher risk of dehydration as Albasheer et al showed that people who lived in hot climate and high humidity country displayed good dehydration state awareness ( 31 ).…”

Side effect of using N95 mask on oxygen saturation, respiration rate and pulse rate of health workers in Jakarta

“…Masker N95 juga dapat disimpan dan digunakan kembali, asalkan tidak kotor atau tidak ada kontaminasi virus pada masker, tidak kendor, tidak berlubang, dan tidak basah [10]. Di sisi lain, untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi, petugas kesehatan yang memakai masker N95 dihadapkan pada beberapa tantangan, yaitu: mengalami kesulitan bernapas, tidak nyaman, dehidrasi [11], penurunan konsentrasi oksigen sirkulasi, peningkatan denyut nadi, sensasi sesak napas, pusing [6], sakit kepala [12], kelelahan ekstrem, kelelahan meningkat [13] menurun saturasi oksigen [14] dan resistensi pernapasan [15].…”