Effect of pharmacist care on clinical outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The economic impact of pharmacist care for people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review

“…16 , 18 A meta-analysis conducted by Ahmed et al in 2021 (including evidence from inception to June 2020) showed that the availability of pharmaceutical services to PLWHA was correlated with statistically meaningful increases in adherence to medication and had a beneficial influence on viral suppression. 12 Other studies have also reported pharmacists' positive effects on patients' CD4 T lymphocyte counts, viral loads, and ART adherence. 11 , 15 , 19 , 20 The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) now considers pharmacy services an essential component of HIV care.…”

“…ART plays a crucial role in HIV prevention and management, 9 , 10 and pharmacists play an invaluable role in maintaining the continuity and safety of their use. 11 , 12 Pharmacists offer high-quality, patient-oriented medication therapy management services for PLWHA. 13 , 14 Pharmacist interventions could mitigate medication errors, improve medication literacy skills and adherence.…”

Stigma, Social Support, Illicit Drug Use, and Other Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Since the introduction of safe combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS has progressed from an acute to a manageable chronic condition, and PLWHA's life expectancy has increased as ordinary people, with significant improvements in their quality of life ( 3 – 5 ). Nonetheless, PLWHA is vulnerable to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression due to stigma, prejudice, ART side effects, and neurophysiological changes ( 6 – 8 ).…”

“…Research findings indicate that the prevalence of mental illnesses in PLWHA is two to four times greater than in the general population ( 15 , 16 ). It was associated with higher viral HIV loads, lower CD4 T lymphocyte counts, and affected adherence that predicts disease progression and mortality ( 16 – 18 ). A recent Ethiopian study reported 32% depression and 34% anxiety in 2019 ( 16 ), a Spanish study reported 35.4% depression in 2012 ( 19 ), Indian study reported 58.1% depression in 2014 ( 20 ).…”

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a healthcare dilemma for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive individuals in Pakistan

“…Interpersonal communication and mass media can be used to raise awareness about the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, and interpersonal communication is more successful than mass media at doing so. 16,17 The COVID-19 vaccine should be more widely available to people with underlying diseases, but unfortunately Pakistan, a lower-to middle-income country (LMIC), is having difficulty vaccinating people. 18 Public awareness efforts about personal preventive measures should be encouraged among PLWH to prevent syndemic effects.…”