“…The consumption of phospholipids (PL) and in particular the glycerophospholipids (GPL), may also benefit cerebral structure and subsequently cognitive function in older adults. The GPL species phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS) are abundant in mammalian cell membranes, and there is growing evidence that provision of these GPL (particularly PC and PS) can improve cognitive function in animals via oral supplementation (Zanotti et al, 1989 ; Furushiro et al, 1997 ; Lim and Suzuki, 2000 ; Suzuki et al, 2001 ; Kataoka-kato et al, 2005 ; Yaguchi et al, 2009 , 2010 ; Lee et al, 2010 ; Babenko and Semenova, 2011 ; Nagata et al, 2011 ; Park et al, 2013 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Qu et al, 2016 ; Wen et al, 2016a , b ) or intraperitoneal/intracerebral injection (Drago et al, 1981 ; Zanotti et al, 1984 ; Corwin et al, 1985 ; Sakai et al, 1996 ; Blokland et al, 1999 ; Claro et al, 1999 , 2006 ; Suzuki et al, 2000 ). Similar results are also evident following oral supplementation in older humans with varying levels of cognitive function (i.e., normal cognitive function with subjective memory complaints, age-related “cognitive dysfunction,” AAMI, MCI, or dementia).…”