Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Electronic and Diffusion Properties of the Anodic Passive Layer Formed on Pb-1.7%Sb Grid of Lead-acid Batteries

El-Rahman, H. A. Abd; Salih, S. A.; Elwahab, Abd

doi:10.5229/jecst.2011.2.2.076

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…This is mainly attributed to the strong contribution of the self-discharge of PbO 2 with the underlying Pb in the alloys. 34,35 Moreover, the anodic process at A' adds more Pb 2+ species. The self-discharge occurs spontaneously according to the following comproportionation reaction:…”

Section: 54mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of boric acid on corrosion and electrochemical performance of Pb-0.08{\%} Ca-1.1{\%} Sn alloys containing Cu, As, and Sb impurities for manufacture of grids of lead-acid batteries

Salih¹,

Gad‐Allah²,

El-Wahab³

et al. 2014

Turk J Chem

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Abstract:The electrochemical performance of lead-acid batteries made of Pb-Ca-Sn alloys with and without 0.1% of each of Cu, As, and Sb individually and combined in 4.0 M H 2 SO 4 in the absence and presence of 0.4 M H 3 BO 3 was studied. Both impurities and H 3 BO 3 were found to reduce the corrosion rate. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the presence of impurities or H 3 BO 3 significantly retarded the formation of large crystal PbSO 4 . H 3 BO 3 increased the rates of oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions for all alloys. Impedance measurement was used to quantify the amounts of PbSO 4 and PbO in the initial stage of the oxidation. H 3 BO 3 decreased the positive grid corrosion of all alloys, while impurities increased it. Although impurities increased the self-discharge during constant current discharge, H 3 BO 3 was found to decrease it, except for the alloy containing the 3 impurities and the Cu-containing alloy. Under open-circuit conditions, H 3 BO 3 increased significantly the self-discharge rate, but impurities were found to suppress it.

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Section: 54mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of boric acid on corrosion and electrochemical performance of Pb-0.08{\%} Ca-1.1{\%} Sn alloys containing Cu, As, and Sb impurities for manufacture of grids of lead-acid batteries

Salih¹,

Gad‐Allah²,

El-Wahab³

et al. 2014

Turk J Chem

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Effect of phosphoric acid concentration on conductivity of anodic passive film formed on surface of lead–indium alloy

El-Sayed

Mohran

Shilkamy

2016

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

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Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

El-Rahman¹,

Gad‐Allah²,

Salih³

et al. 2012

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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:The electrochemical performance of positive pole grids of lead-acid batteries made of Pb-0.08%Ca-1.1%Sn alloys without and with 0.1 wt% of each of Cu, As or Sb and with 0.1 wt% of Cu, As and Sb combined was investigated by electrochemical methods in 4.0 M H 2 SO 4 . The corrodibility of alloys under open-circuit conditions and constant current charging of the positive pole, the positive pole gassing and the self-discharge of the charged positive pole were studied. All impurities (Cu, As, Sb) were found to decrease the corrosion resistance, R corr after 1/2 hour corrosion, but after 24 hours an improvement in R corr was recorded for Sb containing alloy and the alloy with the three impurities combined. While an individual impurity was found to enhance oxygen evolution reaction, the impurities combined significantly inhibition this reaction and the related water loss problem was improved. Impedance results were found helpful in identification of the species involved in the charging/discharging and the self-discharge of the positive pole. Impurities individually or combined were found to increase the self-discharge during polarization (33-68%), where Sb containing alloy was the worst and impurities combined alloy was the least. The corrosion of the positive pole grid in the constant current charging was found to increase in the presence of impurities by 5-10%. Under open-circuit, the self-discharge of the charged positive grids was found to increase significantly (92-212%) in the presence of impurities, with Sb-containing alloy was the worst. The important result of the study is that the harmful effect of the studied impurities combined was not additive but sometimes lesser than any individual impurity.

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Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Electronic and Diffusion Properties of the Anodic Passive Layer Formed on Pb-1.7%Sb Grid of Lead-acid Batteries

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of boric acid on corrosion and electrochemical performance of Pb-0.08{\%} Ca-1.1{\%} Sn alloys containing Cu, As, and Sb impurities for manufacture of grids of lead-acid batteries

Effect of boric acid on corrosion and electrochemical performance of Pb-0.08{\%} Ca-1.1{\%} Sn alloys containing Cu, As, and Sb impurities for manufacture of grids of lead-acid batteries

Effect of phosphoric acid concentration on conductivity of anodic passive film formed on surface of lead–indium alloy

Evaluation of Tolerance of Some Elemental Impurities on Performance of Pb-Ca-Sn Positive Pole Grids of Lead-Acid Batteries

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