Effect of phosphorus and potassium on the growth and yield of French bean

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the yield response of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as affected by phosphorus and potassium management. The experiment consisted of two factors. Factor A: Phosphorus fertilizer (4 levels) viz. P1=15Kg P ha-1, P2=20 Kg P ha-1 and P3=25 Kg P ha-1 , P4=35 Kg P ha-1 and factor B: Potassium fertilizer (4 levels) viz. K1=0 Kg K ha-1, K2=20 Kg K ha-1, K3=30 Kg K ha-1 and K4=40 Kg K ha-1. The variety BARI Jharsheem-3 was used in this experiment as the test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of phosphorus @ 25 kg ha-1 the highest number of pods plant-1 (4.96), pod length (13.34 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.54), weight of 1000-seed (431.21 g), seed yield (1.33 t ha-1), stover yield (1.53 t ha-1), biological yield (2.86 t ha-1) and harvest index 46.50% were found. In case of potassium @ 40 kg ha-1, he highest number of pods plant-1 (5.80), pod length (14.89 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.24), weight of 1000-seed (430.37 g), seed yield (1.53 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.46 t ha-1 ), biological yield (2.99 t ha-1) and harvest index 51.17% were found. Interaction effect of phosphorus and potassium the highest number of pods plant-1 (5.18), pod length (13.40 cm), number of seeds pod-1 (4.30), weight of 1000-seed (430.53 g), seed yield (1.40 t ha-1 ), stover yield (1.60 t ha-1 ), biological yield (3.00 t ha-1 ) and harvest index 46.66% were recorded from P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1. However, from the study it can be concluded that application of P @ 25 kg ha-1 and K @ 40 kg ha-1 was the most suitable combination for better yield of French bean.

Evaluation of Inoculation with Two Strains of Rhizobium Bacteria on some Growth and Yield Traits of Cowpea Plant in Gypsiferous Soil

“…Table (5) indicates the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization (kg ha -1 ) and the interaction between them on the number of pods at the flowering stage of plant age (pod.plant -1 ) of cowpea plants, where the fertilized treatment was superior to the uninoculated one in the number of The pods of the cowpea plant gave the inoculated treatment of the nitrogen level (40 and (80) an average of (57) pod.plant -1 , compared to the control treatment, which gave an average of (26.999997) pod.plant -1 . The reason for this is due to the efficiency of inoculated, which increases the nitrogen fixation process and improves readiness Macro and micronutrients and the production of chelating compounds and plant hormones regulating the growth and production of leguminous crops and maintaining soil fertility as well as protecting the plant from environmental stress conditions [8], and these results are consistent with [1]. It was found that inoculated of cowpea plant with the local isolate Bradyrhizobium vignae led to an increase in the number of pods, as well as it is clear from Table 5 that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer has a significant effect in increasing the number of pods, where the treatment of overlap between inoculated and fertilization for the level (80,40) gave an average of (53,53) pod.plant -1 .While the control treatment gave the lowest rate of (2.666667) pod.plant -1 , and this superiority is due to its high content of nitrogen, which fixes nitrogen, which increases its concentration in the tissues of the cowpea plant, which is reflected in the increase in the number of pods.…”

“…Table (1) indicates the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae bacteria and the level of nitrogen fertilization in kg ha -1 and the interaction between them on the dry weight of vegetative growth at the flowering stage of the plant's life (g.plant -1 ) of the cowpea plant, where the inoculated treatment gave an average of (140.08) g.plant -1 compared to the uninoculated treatment, which gave 137.10333 (137.10333) g.plant -1 , and the reason for this inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria may be due to the increase in the dry weight of vegetative growth, and that Rhizobium bacteria have an important role in increasing the amount of nitrogen fixed and converting it into amino acids and compounds that the plant can benefit from in Tissue formation, and then improving plant growth and increasing the vegetative total [6], it indicated an increase in the dry weight of the vegetative growth of cowpea plant when inoculated with Rhizobium bacteria, while adding nitrogen to the treatments fertilized with nitrogen 40 and 80 inoculated with the second strain gave averages of (56.19 g.plant -1 , 56.23 g) compared to the uninoculated treatment (24.98667) g.plant -1 These results led to a biinteraction between inoculated and nitrogen fertilization, with significant differences between the treatments inoculated with the first and second strains at an average of ( (2) shows the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization kg ha -1 and the interaction between them on the weight of the dry root part at the flowering stage of the plant age (g.plant -1 ) of cowpea plant, where the treatment inoculated with the first and second strains gave an average of (6.333333, 6.266667) g.plant -1 compared to the uninoculated control treatment, which gave (5.283334) g.plant -1 dry root weight. The reason for this may be due to the increase in the dry weights of the root parts where a result of PGPR co-inoculated, to the direct and indirect effect in encouraging plant growth, such as the production of plant hormones [5], and many researches and studies have concluded that chelating compounds play a major role in increasing the available of iron and absorbed by the plant.As these compounds convert iron oxides present in the root periphery into a soluble form that is easily absorbed by the roots and delivered to the root nodes to contribute to the activity of the nitrogenase enzyme [7].…”

“…Table (3) shows the effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium vignae and the level of nitrogen fertilization (kg ha -1 ) and the interaction between them on plant height at the flowering stage of plant age (cm) for cowpea plants, as the treatment inoculated with the first and second strains gave a level of The nitrogen (80, 40) averaged (158.66, 126.32333) cm.plant -1 , compared to the control treatment that gave (135.21233) cm.plant -1 . It is effective in the process of nitrogen fixation, as a state of balanced nutrition is achieved, which is reflected positively in encouraging the characteristics of plant growth, especially the traits of plant height [1], or it may be due to the ability of the isolates that were studied in the production of indole acetic acid and chelating compounds, either by adding fertilization The nitrogenous effect had a significant effect on the cowpea plant height, as the treatments gave an overlap between inoculated and fertilization in the first and second strains, an average of (180.88001, 152.32) cm.plant -1 , while the non-inoculation treatment gave an average of (86.99666) cm.plant -1 , and this is due to the great role performed by nitrogen fertilizers, which lead to an increase in the readiness of nutrients in the soil and then their absorption by the roots, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average of (33) cm.plant -1 .…”

“…Gypsiferous soils containing the mineral gypsiferous, which consists of aqueous calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) or anhydrite, which consists of crystalline non-aqueous calcium sulphate CaSO 4 , which exceeds 2% for the surface layer and more than 14% for the subsurface layer [1], Gypsiferous soils are spread in arid and semi-arid regions and cover about 100 million hectares of the world's geographical area, and approximately 8.7% of them are located in Iraq and constitute more than 20% of the country's area [2]. There are many problems that gypsiferous soils suffer from related to plant nutrition, including the ionic imbalance of nutrients resulting from the saturation of the soil solution with sulfate and calcium ions and their effect on the growth and spread of plant roots, as well as weak vital activity and low content of organic matter [3].…”

Effect of Different Phosphorus and Potassium Levels on a Seed Crop of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…Thus, plants well supplied with adequate quantities of phosphorus and potassium are expected to have efficient photosynthetic mechanism and are better equipped for efficient translocation to sink site, consequently resulting into increased seed yield. Improvement in seed characters and seed yield in French bean with phosphorus and potash application has also been reported by Karim et al (2020); Singh et al (2018); Ali et al (2015); Lad et al (2014);Subhashree et al (2011);Joshi et al (2003); Arya et al, (1999) and Kanaujia et al (1999).…”