Effect of Phosphorus Application on Arsenic Species Accumulation and Co-Deposition of Polyphenols in Rice Grain: Phyto and Food Safety Evaluation

Abstract

The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of soil application of different concentrations of orthophosphate (P) (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg kg−1) on rice agronomic and yield parameters, arsenic (As) species accumulation, and polyphenol levels in the grain of rice grown under As spiked soil (10 mg kg−1). The contents of As species (As(V), As (III), MMA and DMA) and polyphenols in rice grain samples were estimated using LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. P treatments significantly reduced the toxic effects of As on agronomic parameters such as root weight and length, shoot and spike length, straw, and grain yield. Among the treatments studied, only the treatment of 30 mg kg−1 P helps to decrease the elevated levels of As (V), As (III), and DMA in rice grains due to As application. The study revealed that 30 mg kg−1 was the optimal P application amount to minimize AS accumulation in rice grains and As-linked toxicity on agronomic parameters and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Furthermore, the levels of trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and apigenin-7-glucoside increased in response to accumulation of As in the rice grain. In conclusion, the precise use of phosphorus may help to mitigate arsenic linked phytotoxicity and enhance the food safety aspect of rice grain.

Arsenic Toxicity-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in the Shoots of Pteris cretica and Spinacia oleracea

“…Plants’ intake of As can hardly be downregulated, as it is often mediated by essential element transporters [ 8 ]. Arsenic exposure has an adverse effect on the morphological (e.g., chlorosis), physiological (e.g., growth processes inhibition), and biochemical (e.g., oxidative stress) responses of plants [ 9 , 10 ]. Inside plant cells, both As(V) and As(III), including their conversion, induce oxidative stress by enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species, which affects the regulation of a diverse range of metabolic pathways [ 1 , 11 ].…”

The Molecular Mechanism of the Response of Rice to Arsenic Stress and Effective Strategies to Reduce the Accumulation of Arsenic in Grain

“…The addition of P to the soil reduced the content of As in rice, primarily because the absorption, transportation and metabolism of As(V) in rice are conducted by the same transporter as P, and the increase in the concentration of P in the soil competitively inhibited the absorption of As(V) [ 114 ]. The application of P significantly reduced the negative effects of As on the agronomic traits, such as root weight, root length, plant height and grain yield, and the application of 30 mg kg −1 of P could minimize the accumulation of As in rice grains [ 115 ]. The content of As in the rice roots decreased with an increase in the concentration of external inorganic P, and the accumulation of As in grains significantly negatively correlated with the content of P in the roots (r = −0.25 *) [ 116 ].…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in elemental speciation

“…The effect of applying different concentrations of P (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg kg À1 ) to soils used to grow rice has been studied. 55 The yield parameters, As species accumulation, and polyphenol levels in the grain of rice grown under As spiked soil (10 mg kg À1 ) were also investigated. The As species (As V , As III , DMA and MMA) and polyphenols in rice grain samples were determined using LC-ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively.…”