Effect of Photoperiod and Shoot Decapitation on Flowering of Leucospermum `Red Sunset'

Malan, D.G.; Jacobs, G.

doi:10.21273/jashs.115.1.131

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Short days induce flowering in Leucospermum sp. (Malan and Jacobs, 1990) and Serruria florida Knight (Malan and Brits, 1990). In Leucospermum this information, together with an understanding of correlative phenomena associated with flowering, has lead to the development of disbudding techniques which are used to delay flowering time (Jacobs and Honeyborne, 1978;Jacobs et al, 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrony of Inflorescence Initiation and Shoot Growth in Selected Protea Cultivars

Gerber¹,

Theron²,

Jacobs³

2001

jashs

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Protea L. sp. can be assigned to groups according to similar times of flower initiation and harvest. The stages occurring during flower initiation and their synchrony relative to shoot growth were investigated for three cultivars when flower initiation occurred on the spring growth flush. For all three cultivars, the spring flush was preformed and enclosed in the apical bud before spring budbreak. During elongation of the spring flush, the apical meristem produced floral primordia which differentiated into involucral bracts. After completion of the spring flush, meristematic activity continued and produced floral bracts with florets in their axils. The different cultivars were characterized by differences or similarities in the time of budbreak, and the rates of shoot growth, appendage formation, and flower development. Insight into the time of flower initiation relative to vegetative growth could be useful in making management decisions, as well as forming a basis for manipulation of the flowering process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrony of Inflorescence Initiation and Shoot Growth in Selected Protea Cultivars

Gerber¹,

Theron²,

Jacobs³

2001

jashs

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“…Later work Jacobs 1987, 1990) demonstrated that LD (3.7 µmol × s -1 × m -2 provided from incandescent lamps throughout the night period) could prevent flower initiation on upper axillary buds on shoots decapitated at various times from summer through winter, while similarly handled shoots under natural daylengths initiated and developed inflorescences. Night break lighting (2 to 6 hr depending on length of dark period) was also effective in preventing flowering (Malan and Jacobs 1990).…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jacobs and Minnaar's (1980) observations of simultaneous reproductive development also supported the idea of a photoperiod switch. Malan and Jacobs (1990) stated that 'Red Sunset' was a qualitative SD plant that required at least 42 SD inductive cycles (>12 hr dark) for normal flowering. Such conditions prevail at Stellenbosch, South Africa (33°, 54'S) from April to September.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Banksia:New Proteaceous Cut Flower Crop

Sedgley¹

1998

Horticultural Reviews

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More than 1400 species have been recognized in the ancient Proteaceae family (Rebelo 1995). Their occurrence is mostly distributed between Australia with about 800 species and Africa with about 400 species with the remainder found in South America, the islands east of New Guinea, and a few species in southeast Asia, New Zealand, and Madagascar. They are broadly referred to as proteas, although we identify specific genera by their Latin names. The subfamily Proteoideae, largely found in Africa, has contributed the genera Protea, Leucadendron, and Leucospermum to floricultural trade, while the Australian Grevilleoideae has contributed Banksia and Grevillea that have found similar use in floriculture and landscaping. Other genera are still emerging in importance (Criley, 2001

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“…The demand for Protea cut flowers in Europe peaks during the European autumn and winter, from September to February (Gerber et al, 2001a;Hettasch et al, 1997). Unlike Leucospermum (Malan and Jacobs, 1990) and Leucadendron (Hettasch and Jacobs, 2006), which are short-day plants, the underlying mechanism for floral induction in Protea has not been established. In the southern hemisphere, Protea 'Pink Ice' (Protea compacta R. Br · Protea susannae Phill.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Temperature on Autumn- and Spring-initiated Inflorescence Systems within a Biennial Pruning System of Protea ‘Pink Ice’ Cut Flowers

Louw¹,

Hoffman²,

Theron³

et al. 2018

horts

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The potential impact of increasing temperatures driven by climate change on cultivated Protea cut flower production systems is not known. This study used a biennial pruning system in Protea ‘Pink Ice’ to track the physiological and reproductive responses in comparable phenological stages, but exposed to different seasonally determined temperature conditions. Protea ‘Pink Ice’ generally initiates inflorescences terminally on the spring flush. A limited number of shoots can initiate inflorescences on the preceding autumn flush, leading to an advanced harvesting time compared with that of the spring-initiated inflorescences. In a commercial Protea orchard in Hopefield, South Africa, gas exchange, carbohydrate availability, and vegetative and reproductive growth were compared between the two shoot types in the context of seasonal temperature differences. Leaves of shoots, which initiated inflorescences on the autumn flush, generally had higher light-saturated net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation capacities in autumn (April–May) and spring (October–November). There is evidence of a requirement of minimum shoot diameter of 7.6 mm (four- or five-flush shoot), as measured directly above the intercalation between the terminal (uppermost mature flush) and subterminal flush, when the subsequent flush was at budbreak stage during April (autumn) and at least five flushes to be required for floral initiation in Protea ‘Pink Ice’. Spring-initiated inflorescences had a shorter developmental period (4 months) than that of autumn-initiated inflorescences (7 months) and developed into significantly smaller (width) inflorescences with a lower width and dry weight at harvest. These inflorescences were harvested on average a month later compared with autumn-initiated inflorescences. The ambient temperature during inflorescence development played a significant role in the inflorescence growth rate, affecting the time required from visible inflorescence detection to harvest. At the calculated optimum base temperature of 9 °C, autumn-initiated inflorescences required 41,010 growing degree hours (GDH), whereas spring-initiated inflorescences required 35,872 GDH from initiation to anthesis. Under future warmer growing conditions, anticipated decreased size and dry weight of inflorescences may reduce marketability and income for Protea producers.

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Effect of Photoperiod and Shoot Decapitation on Flowering of Leucospermum `Red Sunset'

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Synchrony of Inflorescence Initiation and Shoot Growth in Selected Protea Cultivars

Synchrony of Inflorescence Initiation and Shoot Growth in Selected Protea Cultivars

Banksia:New Proteaceous Cut Flower Crop

Impact of Temperature on Autumn- and Spring-initiated Inflorescence Systems within a Biennial Pruning System of Protea ‘Pink Ice’ Cut Flowers

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