Effect of Physical Activity on Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from the E3N Cohort Study

Shephard, R.J.

doi:10.1016/s0162-0908(08)70166-1

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Household and occupational PA, particularly among women, is generally light-intensity, which is recalled less reliably than moderate-and vigorous-intensity PA [29,36]. Also, these results corroborate the findings of previous studies that have measured recreational PA and two or more other PA domains [21,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]; these previous studies have generally found that PA in the recreational domain confers the largest risk reduction [40][41][42][43][44], although some studies have observed larger risk reductions in the household domain [37,39,45]. We did not find any significant associations between transport PA and breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Further, since only a small proportion (around 10 %) of our study participants selfreported more than 26 MET-hours/week of moderate-intensity recreational PA, the spline projection at higher levels may not be reliable. Finally, a few studies in the literature have investigated the association between moderate-intensity recreational PA and risk of breast cancer [47,48]. Since different definitions and measures were used in these studies to define moderate-intensity recreational PA, the results were not comparable to ours.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Lifetime physical activity and risk of breast cancer in pre-and post-menopausal women

Boyle

Heyworth

et al. 2015

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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To investigate the association between different types of physical activity (PA) and breast cancer. A case-control study of breast cancer was conducted in Western Australia from 2009 to 2011, in which 1205 women with breast cancer and 1789 frequency age-matched breast cancer-free control women were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about lifetime and age-period recreational, household, occupational and transport physical activities. Detailed questions about demographic characteristics, and relevant reproductive, medical and lifestyle factors were also included. Logistic regression and restrictive cubic spline analyses were applied to investigate the association and dose-response relationship between PA and breast cancer risk. Subgroup analysis was performed regarding menopausal status. We found non-linear dose-response associations between PA and risk of breast cancer. Overall, 95-130 MET-hours/week of total lifetime PA was associated with the lowest breast cancer risk. The effects were stronger among post-menopausal women. We also found that the medium amounts of recreational PA (up to 21 MET-hours/week) were associated with lower breast cancer risk among post-menopausal women. Further analysis on the intensity of recreational PA demonstrated different dose-response associations between moderate- and vigorous-intensity recreational PA and breast cancer risk. We found that PA was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer among post-menopausal women, but not in a linear fashion. Recreational PA of different intensities may have different dose-response associations with risk of breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Lifetime physical activity and risk of breast cancer in pre-and post-menopausal women

Boyle

Heyworth

et al. 2015

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…Among the potential anticancer effects of physical activity are the decrease in endogenous sex hormone concentrations and exposure (later age of menarche, decreased estrogen concentrations, decreased number of ovulatory cycles), favorable changes in body weight, insulin resistance, up-regulation in immune system and chronic low-grade inflammation [1,[17][18][19][20][21]. However, there is a need for consistent molecular evidences of the putative preventive effect of exercise training programs to allow the public to better understand the benefits of an active lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lifelong exercise training on mammary tumorigenesis induced by MNU in female Sprague–Dawley rats

et al. 2016

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Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Several studies have suggested that exercise training may decrease the risk of breast cancer development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exercise training on mammary tumorigenesis in an animal model of mammary cancer. Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: MNU sedentary, MNU exercised, control sedentary and control exercised. Animals from MNU groups received an intraperitoneal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Animals were exercised on a treadmill during 35 weeks. When animals were killed, blood samples were collected to determine the hematocrit and to perform the biochemical analysis. Mammary tumors were collected and histologically evaluated; the expression of ERs α and β was evaluated in tumor sections by immunohistochemistry. All survived animals from both MNU groups developed mammary tumors. The number of mammary tumors (p > 0.05) and lesions (p = 0.056) was lower in MNU exercised than in MNU sedentary animals. MNU exercised animals showed lower number of malignant lesions than MNU sedentary animals (p = 0.020). C-reactive protein serum concentration was lower in exercised animals; however, the levels of 17-β estradiol were higher in exercised animals. Tumors from exercised animals exhibited higher expression of ER α than tumors from sedentary animals (p < 0.05). This study analyzes the impact of the longest exercise training protocol on mammary tumorigenesis ever performed. We concluded that the lifelong endurance training has beneficial effects on mammary tumorigenesis in female rats (reduced the inflammation, the number of mammary tumors and lesions, and histological grade of malignancy). Additionally, the mammary tumors from MNU exercised group exhibited higher immunoexpression of ER α that is an indicator of well-differentiated tumors and better response to hormone therapy.

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“…In the E3N cohort, it was reported that exercise linearly decreases the risk of breast cancer even in women with family history, overweight, or under HRT [48].…”

Section: Life-style and Breast Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. The European view

Gompel

Plu‐Bureau

2007

Eur Clinics Obstet Gynaecol

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It is known for years that breast cancer is a hormone-dependent disease and that reproductive factors can contribute to the increase of its incidence. Among the factors, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) appears to be a contributor at least in some women. HRT remains to be the most efficient intervention to alleviate postmenopausal symptoms. However, the possible mild increase in the risk remains a limit to its prescription. From one country to another, regimens are different, and thus, the increase risk can also vary. It is thus important for a clinician to be informed on the evidence concerning the use of such treatments and thus be able, in front of their patients, to evaluate the risk-benefit balance in each case. Because Europe and the USA have different products and different population risks, it is also important to know the data concerning Europe. Indeed, despite the high level of evidence provided by the Women Health Initiative trials, these intervention studies cannot be fully extrapolated to immediate postmenopausal women with different clinical characteristics and different prescriptions. We will review the available information on HRT from European and US studies to provide an overview of the current knowledge on this important question.

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Effect of Physical Activity on Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from the E3N Cohort Study

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Lifetime physical activity and risk of breast cancer in pre-and post-menopausal women

Lifetime physical activity and risk of breast cancer in pre-and post-menopausal women

Effects of lifelong exercise training on mammary tumorigenesis induced by MNU in female Sprague–Dawley rats

Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. The European view

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