Effect of physical training on lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, lipases, and endogenous sex hormones in men with premature myocardial infarction

Mendoza, Soaira; Carrasco, Hernán J.; Zerpa, A.; Briceño, Yajaira; Rodríguez, Fernando Rodríguez; Speirs, James; Glueck, Charles J.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90147-o

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Increased LPL is a common finding in several (10,11,12,17), but not all (18), exercise training studies. In contrast to our results, others (18,19) have reported significant reductions in HL with training. Although HL activity did not decrease, the proportion of LPL and HL comprising the total lipolytic activity was altered with training ( Fig.…”

Section: Conclusion -The Major Newcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetes Care 26:557-562 2003mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Together, these studies suggest that insulin may be an important regulator of LPL and that increased K 2 may be at least partly explained by an increase in LPL activity. Some studies (18,19) have also reported significant training-induced decrements in HL. Whereas loss of intraabdominal fat is associated with a reduc-tion in HL and subsequent beneficial effects on lipid levels (3), there is no consistent pattern in documenting positive effects of exercise per se, in the absence of weight loss, on plasma lipase activity, K 2 , and lipid levels.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Exercise Training, Without Weight Loss, Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Postheparin Plasma Lipase Activity in Previously Sedentary Adults

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE -To determine the effects of exercise, without weight loss, on insulin sensitivity (S I ), postheparin plasma lipase activity (PHPL), intravenous fat clearance rate (K 2 ), and fasting lipids in sedentary adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-At baseline and after 6 months of walk training (intensity 45-55 or 65-75% heart rate reserve, frequency 3-4 or 5-7 days/week, duration 30 min/session), anthropometric indexes, S I , PHPL, K 2 , and fasting lipids were measured in 18 sedentary adults (12 women, 6 men; 51.9 Ϯ 5.8 years of age, BMI 28.9 Ϯ 4.6 kg/m 2 ). ⅐ h Ϫ1 ) (both P Ͻ 0.001), without altering BMI, waist circumference, K 2 , or fasting lipids. Correlations between changes in LPL and the total:HDL cholesterol ratio (r ϭ Ϫ0.54) and changes in the LPL:HL ratio and waist circumference (r ϭ Ϫ0.50) were significant (P Ͻ 0.05). RESULTSCONCLUSIONS -Exercise, without weight loss, increases S I and PHPL activity in previously sedentary adults, without changing K 2 or fasting lipid levels. Furthermore, increased LPL is associated with a decreased total:HDL ratio, and an increased LPL:HL ratio is associated with a decreased waist circumference. Therefore, even modest amounts of exercise in the absence of weight loss positively affect markers of glucose and fat metabolism in previously sedentary, middle-aged adults. Diabetes Care 26:557-562, 2003I nsulin resistance (IR) is defined as an inappropriately high level of insulin required to maintain metabolic homeostasis (1) and is characterized by diminished peripheral insulin sensitivity (S I ). Obesity and central body fat distribution are strong predictors of IR (2). Previous research demonstrates that weight loss through caloric restriction is associated with improvement in visceral adiposity, S I , and lipid risk factors for coronary artery disease (3).Physical inactivity also results in markedly decreased S I (4). Several training studies (5-7) have demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise leads to enhanced S I in previously sedentary adults. Improvements in S I with training have been accompanied by significant reductions in body weight and body composition in some (5), but not all (6,7), of these studies.In addition to the profound effects of enhanced insulin action on glucose homeostasis, S I is an important independent determinant of the variation in free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in adults (8). Exercise training is known to decrease TG concentrations (9,10) and has been shown to increase the intravenous fat clearance (K 2 ) of a TG emulsion (11,12). Enhanced K 2 (92% greater clearance rate) has also been reported for endurance athletes, compared with sedentary men, in a cross-sectional study (13).One potential mechanism by which exercise enhances lipid metabolism is alteration of plasma lipase activity (i.e., lipoprotein lipase [LPL] and hepatic lipase [HL]). The activity of LPL is a key determinant in the rate of catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins (14), and impaired function of LPL has been found in individuals with IR (15,1...

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Section: Conclusion -The Major Newcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetes Care 26:557-562 2003mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Exercise Training, Without Weight Loss, Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Postheparin Plasma Lipase Activity in Previously Sedentary Adults

et al. 2003

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“…17 There are various mechanisms whereby physical activity may protect against RCC. Physical activity has been reported to decrease levels of estrogens, 18,19 which have been shown to induce kidney cancer in animal models. 20,21 Physical activity might also decrease plasma levels of insulin and insulin-like growth fac- Subjects younger than 50 years were excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime physical activity and the risk of renal cell cancer

Tavani

Maso

Montella

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The relation between lifelong physical activity at work and during leisure-time and the risk of renal cell cancer (RCC) was analyzed in a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1992 and 2004. Cases were 767 subjects with incident, histologically confirmed RCC, and controls were 1,534 patients hospitalized for acute nonneoplastic conditions. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RCC were computed by multiple logistic regression models, conditioned on study center, sex and age, and adjusted for main covariates. Compared to the lowest level of occupational physical activity, the multivariate OR of RCC for the highest level were 0.65 (95% CI 0.49-0.87) at age 12 years, 0.67 (95% CI 0.53-0.84) at age 15-19, 0.74 (95% CI 0.59-0.93) at age 30-39 and 0.71 (95% CI 0.55-0.92) at age 50-59 years, with significant inverse trends in risk. The inverse association was consistent in strata of sex, age at diagnosis, body mass index, smoking habit and alcohol drinking. No significant association was found for leisure-time physical activity. The inverse association between occupational physical activity and RCC risk, if real, may be related to the effects of insulin-like growth factors, or lipid peroxidation and about 9% of cases of RCC in Italy could be avoided by increasing physical activity. However the inverse association might involve confounding by indirect mechanisms, such as body composition or other social class correlates. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: case-control studies; physical activity; renal cell cancer; risk factors Physical exercise is an important correlate of cardiovascular disease and several neoplasms.1 Epidemiological evidence on the relation of physical activity and renal cell cancer (RCC) risk is scanty and mostly based on small studies, and the results are inconclusive. Out of 3 cohort studies considering either occupational or leisure-time exercise, a Swedish one suggested no relation with both.2 The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer found an inverse, but nonsignificant association with either occupational or leisure-time exercise, 3 and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study found an inverse association for leisure-time physical activity, but not for occupational one.4 Of 2 American case-control studies, 1 found no association, 5 and the other found an inverse association with recent recreational activity in either sexes. 6 However, the International Renal Cell Cancer Study, a multicenter case-control study including 1,732 cases, found no association in either sex with either occupational or leisure-time exercise at 20 or 40 years. 7 We analyzed the role of physical activity at various ages on RCC risk, using data from a large case-control study conducted in Italy. Material and methodsA case-control study of RCC was conducted from 1992 to 2004 in 4 Italian areas: the provinces of Gorizia and Pordenone and the greater Milan area in the North Italy, the provinces of Latina and Naples in the centre-South Italy.8 Cases were 767 patients (494 men an...

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“…LIPC activity has been reported to be determined by sex [8,9], body adiposity [10], dietary fat intake [11,12], alcohol consumption [13,14], physical activity [15][16][17] and, most importantly, by genotype. The human hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) maps to chromosome 15q21 [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in the hepatic lipase gene and the risk of coronary heart disease among US diabetic men: potential interaction with obesity

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis: The −514 C to T polymorphism of the hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) has been associated with lowered LIPC activity and elevated HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Previous findings on the association of this polymorphism with the risk of CHD are inconsistent. Moreover, data on this association among diabetic patients are limited. We investigated the association of the LIPC polymorphism with CHD risk among US diabetic men and evaluated whether this association was modified by adiposity status. Subjects and methods: The case group consisted of 220 diabetic men who were recruited from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (years 1986-2000) and were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, but subsequently developed CHD. A total of 641 diabetic men from the same study but without cardiovascular disease constituted the control group.Results: No overall association between the LIPC polymorphism and CHD risk was observed. However, we did observe a significant interaction between this polymorphism and BMI in association with CHD risk. Among obese men, after adjustment for age, duration of diabetes and major lifestyle factors, the CT or TT genotype was associated with an increased CHD risk compared with the CC genotype (odds ratio [OR] 2.52, 95% CI 1.08-5.90); the corresponding ORs (95% CI) were 0.99 (0.58, 1.69) for overweight men (25≤BMI <30 kg/m 2 ) and 0.37 (0.17, 0.79) for lean men (BMI <25 kg/m 2 ) (p for interaction 0.001). Stratified analyses by waist circumference (tertiles) showed a similar pattern of interaction (adjusted p for interaction 0.023). Conclusion/interpretation: These data suggest that obesity may modify the association between the LIPC C(−514) T polymorphism and CHD risk among diabetic men.

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Effect of physical training on lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, lipases, and endogenous sex hormones in men with premature myocardial infarction

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Exercise Training, Without Weight Loss, Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Postheparin Plasma Lipase Activity in Previously Sedentary Adults

Exercise Training, Without Weight Loss, Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Postheparin Plasma Lipase Activity in Previously Sedentary Adults

Lifetime physical activity and the risk of renal cell cancer

Genetic variation in the hepatic lipase gene and the risk of coronary heart disease among US diabetic men: potential interaction with obesity

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