Effect of Physiological Determinants and Cardiac Disease on Plasma Adiponectin Concentrations in Dogs

Abstract

BackgroundIn humans, a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile whereas, in patients with heart failure (HF), a high concentration of adiponectin is associated with a less favorable prognosis.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the physiological determinants of plasma adiponectin concentration in dogs and the influence of heart disease, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).AnimalsOne hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs and 9 Beagles from the research colony of the Clinical Veterinary Unit of the University of Liège.MethodsWe prospectively measured circulating adiponectin concentration in healthy control dogs (n = 77), dogs with MMVD (n = 22) and dogs with DCM (n = 15) of various degrees of severity. Diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Plasma adiponectin concentration was measured by a canine‐specific sandwich ELISA kit.ResultsAn analysis of covariance showed an association between adiponectin concentration and age, neuter status, and heart disease. No association between adiponectin concentration and class of HF, sex, body condition score, body weight, circadian rhythm, or feeding was found. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with age (P = .001). Adiponectin was lower in neutered (P = .008) compared to intact dogs. Circulating adiponectin concentration was increased in dogs with DCM compared to healthy dogs (P = .018) and to dogs with MMVD (P = .014).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAge and neutering negatively influence circulating adiponectin concentration. Plasma adiponectin concentration increased in dogs with DCM. Additional research is required to investigate if this hormone is implicated in the pathophysiology of DCM and associated with clinical outcome.

Serum Concentrations of Leptin and Adiponectin in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

“…However, because in our study, the serum adiponectin concentrations of asymptomatic dogs in ISACHC class 1 were lower than those of healthy dogs or dogs in ISACHC class 3, it is also possible that patients with low adiponectin concentrations might have a high cardiovascular risk. A recent study showed that there was no significant difference in adiponectin concentration between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs . This discrepancy might be due to differences in the population of enrolled dogs, such as age and neutering status .…”

“…A recent study showed that there was no significant difference in adiponectin concentration between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs. 20 This discrepancy might be due to differences in the population of enrolled dogs, such as age and neutering status. 20 Therefore, further studies will be necessary to clarify the relationships between the change of adiponectin concentrations and MMVD severity.…”

“…High plasma adiponectin concentrations in healthy human beings are associated with low cardiovascular risk . In dogs, dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with higher adiponectin concentration compared to healthy and MMVD dogs . However, no information is available on the roles of leptin and adiponectin in dogs with cardiac disease.…”

“…19 In dogs, dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with higher adiponectin concentration compared to healthy and MMVD dogs. 20 However, no information is available on the roles of leptin and adiponectin in dogs with cardiac disease. Hence, we sought to examine differences in serum concentrations of adipokines between healthy dogs and dogs with MMVD and subsequently to determine whether circulating concentrations of leptin and adiponectin varied with the severity of HF.…”

Evaluation of Electrocardiographic Parameters, Thoracic Morphometry and Vertebral Heart Size in Clinically Normal Dogs

“…Twenty healthy dogs (11 females and 9 males) without breed distinction, of medium size, without accumulation of body fat and age between 1 and 8 years, were evaluated. These criteria were established because the cardiac diseases, such as valvular degeneration and cardiomyopathies, are frequently reported at extremes, that is, in small and large dogs [9], older than 8 years [17].…”