Effect of Phytase Derived from the E. coli AppA Gene on Weaned Piglet Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Bone Mineralization

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of novel appAT1 and appAT2 phytase inclusion at 250 phytase units (FTU)/kg on weaned piglet performance, the apparent total tract digestibility of P and Ca, and bone mineralization. Piglets (48 males) were randomly divided into four treatment groups: a positive control (PC), with recommended levels of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), a negative control (NC) deficient in P and Ca, and two experimental groups with NC diets supplemented with phytase derived from the appA gene of Escherichia coli. Diets fed in a mashed form were divided into prestarter (0–21 days) and starter (22–42 days) periods. During the whole period of the study, the experimental diets improved (p < 0.05) the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the NC diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the dry matter and crude protein was not significantly different among the diets. Phytase-supplemented diets improved the ATTD of P (p < 0.05) and the ATTD of Ca (p < 0.05). Bone ash content in the third metacarpal and P and Ca content were improved among the phytase supplemented diets compared to the NC diet.

Influence of Phytase Supplementation at Increasing Doses from 0 to 1500 FTU/kg on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Bone Status in Grower–Finisher Pigs Fed Phosphorus-Deficient Diets

“…In another study, Varley et al [38] showed no significant differences in FI, ADG, or FCR in weaned piglets with a body weight of approximately 33 kg, fed a diet with an adequate amount of P supplemented with phytase at a dose of 500, 1000, or 1500 FTU/kg, during the weaner and grower-finisher periods [38]. In contrast, in the recent study Wiśniewska et al [39] showed that the phytase supplemented to the calcium-and phosphorus-deficient diet at a dose of 250 FTU/kg for a period of 42 days significantly improved ADG and FCR, as well as ADC for Ca and P compared to the control calcium-and phosphorus-deficient diet [39]. ADC for phosphorus availability in a study by Dersjant-Lia et al was significantly higher, but only compared with the phosphorus-deficient diet, and increasing the phytase dose had no effect [34].…”

“…Similarly, the phytase added at the dose of 500 FTU/kg to a calcium-and phosphorus-deficient diet increased BMD of metacarpal bone in pigs at slaughter [43]. There are, however, other studies that observed no effects of phytase supplementation on bone mineral content (BMC) or bone ash of metacarpal bones, but these studies made use of calcium-and phosphorus-deficient diets supplemented with phytase at a dose of 500 or a dose of 250 FTU/kg [39,44]. It can be due to fact that in different bones, changes in ash content, BMC, and BMD are observed due to their different phosphorus supply [45,46].…”

Isolation and pan-genome analysis of Enterobacter hormaechei Z129, a ureolytic bacterium, from the rumen of dairy cow

“…Compared with the strains of this species, Z129 possessed unique genes including app A, nrf A, and wec E. The expression of app A significantly improves phytase activity ( Chiera et al, 2004 ), which can increase the efficiency of phytate phosphorus ( Beaulieu et al, 2007 ). The addition of phytases improves the final body weight and feed conversion ratio of weaned piglets fed with a diet lacking in calcium and phosphorus ( Wiśniewska et al, 2020 ). Gene nrf A can be involved in catalysis of the second step of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium to reduce nitrogen loss and protects the environment ( Tiedje, 1988 ).…”

Safety assessment of a novel thermostable phytase

“…The phytase enzyme that is the subject of this paper, Phytase TSP concentrate, to be marketed under the trade name OptiPhos® PLUS, is a novel thermostable 6-phytase developed for use as an ingredient in animal feed. Studies in weaned piglets and broiler chickens have demonstrated the high in vivo bioefficacy of the phytase [ 14 , 15 ].…”