Effect of phytase enzyme on growth performance, serum biochemical alteration, immune response and gene expression in Nile tilapia

Effect of using Spirulina and Chlorella as feed additives for elevating immunity status of Nile tilapia experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

“…In the present study, the clinical signs and PM lesions of A. hydrophila infection are similar to those obtained by Ibrahem, Mostafa, Arab, and Rezk (), Fadl, Barakat, and Elgohary (), Hassan, Noureldin, Mahmoud, and Fita (), and Norag et al () in Oreochromis niloticus infected with A. hydrophila in the form of hepatosplenomegaly, gall‐bladder distention with bile, loss of scales and ascites.…”

Exogenous enzymes as functional additives in finfish aquaculture

“…Exogenous phytase is now extensively used throughout the world as additives in animal diets, and the effect of dietary phytase on fish has attracted more attention. In this regard, Nile tilapia fed on the diet containing 50% phosphorus supplemented by 500 or 1,000 phytase units/kg significantly (p ≤ .05) increased body weight gain, whole-body composition (body protein, lipid content) and nutrient utilization efficiency compared with fish fed on the same diet or fed on the diet containing normal phosphorus without phytase supplementation (Abo et al, 2018). Cain (1995) reported that the growth rates and feed conversions of salmonid fed diets containing phytasetreated soybean meal were equal to or significantly better (p < .05) than those of fish fed a commercial diet.…”

“…The exogenous phytase added to the diet was originally used for unequivocal purpose to increase the availability of phytate in plants and thus reduce the cost of inorganic phosphates. Further benefits from the use of phytase for energy and amino acids have also recently been identified, which will lead to further improvements in resource utilization through appropriate dietary modification (Abo et al, 2018;Ai et al, 2007). In addition, worldwide pressure to reduce the amount of phosphorus discharged into water creates market opportunities for the introduction of exogenous phytase.…”

“…3. To promote immune performance and pathogen resistance (Abo et al, 2018;Baruah et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2013Liu et al, , 2016Song et al, 2017;Zheng et al, 2019). The immune system of fish is affected by a variety of factors, including disease, pollutants, hormones and feed (Doan et al, 2019).…”

“…The immune system of fish is affected by a variety of factors, including disease, pollutants, hormones and feed (Doan et al, 2019). Previous reports have shown that the addition of up to 1,000 units/kg of phytase feed could significantly improve the immune response and survival rate of Nile tilapia after being challenged by A. hydrophila (Abo et al, 2018).…”