Effect of phytic acid from rice and corn on morphology, cell proliferation, apoptosis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in swine jejunal explants

Abstract

Phytic acid (IP6) is a potent antioxidant present in several natural foods. Beneficial effects on colon cancer and inflammation have been associated to IP6 in several studies, however, scarce data about the effect on small intestine are available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of IP6 from rice and corn on intestinal morphology, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression using swine jejunal explants as experimental model. This report demonstrated that explants treated with 0.5 mM, 2.5 mM and 5 mM of IP6 from rice and 2.5 mM and 5 mM from corn showed higher villi height compared to control. Explants treated with 2.5 mM and 5 mM IP6 from rice exhibited a significant reduction on intestinal histological changes (villi atrophy and fusion, edema, lymphatic vessel dilation, loss of apical enterocytes, cell vacuolation, necrotic debris, morphology of enterocytes and microvilli and number of villi). The cellular proliferation decreased in the explants treated with the dosages of 2.5 mM and 5 mM from rice and a significant decrease in cell apoptosis was observed in the treatments with 2.5 mM IP6 from rice and 5 mM IP6 from corn compared to the control. The explants treated with 2.5 mM and 5 mM IP6 from rice and corn showed a significant reduction of the Cox-2 expression. Higher dosages of IP6 from rice and corn used in this experiment increased the viability and preservation of intestinal tissue as evidenced by morphological and immunohistochemical assays.Index terms: IP6, natural antioxidant, jejunum, swine, explants technique RESUMOO ácido fítico (IP6) é um potente antioxidante presente em diversos alimentos naturais. Estudos demonstram os efeitos benéficos do IP6 sobre câncer e inflamação de cólon, no entanto, dados sobre a ação do IP6 no intestino delgado são escassos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos em diferentes doses de IP6 extraídos de arroz e de milho sobre a morfologia do intestino, proliferação celular, apoptose e expressão de ciclo-oxigenase-2 (Cox-2) usando explantes jejunais de suínos como modelo experimental. Este estudo demonstrou que explantes tratados com 0,5 mM, 2,5 mM e 5 mM de IP6 de arroz e 2,5 mM e 5 mM de milho mostraram maior altura de vilosidades quando comparados ao controle. Os explantes tratados com 2,5 mM e 5 mM de IP6 de arroz apresentaram uma redução significativa nas alterações histológicas intestinais (atrofia e fusão de vilosidades, edema, dilatação de vasos linfáticos, perda apical de enterócitos, vacuolização celular, debris necróticos, morfologia de enterócitos, microvilosidades e número de vilosidades). A proliferação celular diminuiu nos explantes tratados com as doses de 2,5 e 5 mM de arroz e observou-se uma redução na apoptose nos tratamentos com 2,5 mM de IP6 de arroz e 5 mM de milho comparados aos explantes controles. Os explantes tratados com 2,5 mM e 5 mM de IP6 de arroz e milho mostraram uma redução significativa na expressão de Cox-2. Os exames morfológicos e imuno-histoq...

Phytic acid decreases deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1-induced changes on swine jejunal explants

“…This effect could be evaluated by an increase in the histological score and the villi height in explants exposed to IP6. In a previous experiment, we observed that doses of 2.5 mM and 5 mM IP6 improved the intestinal morphology and villi height of jejunal explants submitted to hypoxia [45] . IP6 likely acts on intestinal morphology by inhibiting the ribotoxic stress and lipid peroxidation caused by DON and FB1, respectively, through its antioxidant action.…”

Investigation of the medicinal significance of phytic acid as an indispensable anti-nutrient in diseases

“…Phytic acid, being a natural plant antioxidant possesses the ability to terminate the series of chain reaction [64]. It inhibits iron catalyzed hydroxyl radical (OH À ) formation [65].…”

Phytic Acid: From Antinutritional to Multiple Protection Factor of Organic Systems

“…These results demonstrated that IP6 modulates apoptosis to protect cells and to prevent the development of disease. In a previous study, our group showed a protective effect of IP6 against the cellular hypoxia‐induced intestinal morphological changes of pigs (Silva and others a). In addition, we were able to demonstrate decreases in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) (Silva and others ).…”