Effect of Phytoplankton Cell Geometry on Carbon Isotopic Fractionation

Popp, Brian N.; Laws, Edward A.; Bidigare, Robert R.; Dore, John E.; Hanson, Kristi L.; Wakeham, Stuart G.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(97)00333-5

Cited by 629 publications

(611 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…One possibility is for the d 13 C differences to be related to the species of diatoms preserved in the sediments. The size, surface to volume ratio, growth rate, and specifics of the carbon fixing enzyme, Rubisco, for each species leave room for differences in the d 13 C of different phytoplankton growing under different conditions [Laws et al, 1995;Rau et al, 1996Rau et al, , 1997Rau et al, , 2001Popp et al, 1998;Hofmann et al, 2000;Scott et al, 2007]. It may very well be that the higher d 13 C values of cores from the Pacific and Indian sectors are tied to the solid predominance of F. kerguelensis in the sediments there, something which is not true in core PS 1786 -1 from the Scotia Sea where F. kerguelensis makes up only between 10 and 45% of the diatom assemblage (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

et al. 2008

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[1] Measurements of d 13 C, d 15 N, and C/N on diatom-bound organic matter were made over the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from three sediment cores in the Southern Ocean, one each from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific sectors. The site in the Scotia Sea (Atlantic sector) differed considerably from the other two sites by having markedly lower d 13 C, more variable d 15 N and C/N ratios, and a sedimentary diatom assemblage that was never dominated by Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. Although environmental parameters certainly have a strong impact on the isotope ratios, d 13 C is also correlated to the proportion of F. kerguelensis in the three cores investigated here (r 2 = 0.8). Extreme values of d 13 C, d 15 N, and C/N at the Last Glacial Maximum were also related to the abundance of winter stages of Eucampia antarctica. These results suggest that diatom specific isotope records should be interpreted in conjunction with information on the species composition of the samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

et al. 2008

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“…Alkenones in haptophyte algae are more depleted in 13 C than inorganic carbon in seawater because of the preferential fixation of 12 C by photosynthetic enzymes (Jasper and Hayes, 1990). Culture studies have demonstrated that the fractionation of δ 13 C between alkenones and inorganic carbon depends on the dissolved CO 2 concentration, growth rate, cellar surface area/volume ratio, and bicarbonate utilization (e.g., Laws et al, 1995Laws et al, , 1997Bidigare et al, 1997;Popp et al, 1998). Thus the stable δ 13 C value during the low alkenone flux period, along with the stable U K' 37 value, suggests a common source of alkenones, which is consistent with the hypothesis of Conte et al (1998b) and Sicre et al (1999).…”

Section: Season and Depth Of Alkenone Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and depth variations in molecular and isotopic alkenone composition of sinking particles from the western North Pacific

Yamamoto

Shimamoto²,

Fukuhara³

et al. 2007

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Abstract:Seasonal and depth variations in alkenone flux and molecular and isotopic composition of sinking particles were examined using a 21-month time-series sediment trap experiment at a mooring station WCT-2 (39°N, 147°E) in the mid-latitude NW Pacific to assess the influences of seasonality, production depth, and degradation in the water column on the alkenone unsaturation index U K' 37 . Analysis of the underlying sediments was also conducted to evaluate the effects of alkenone degradation at the 1 water-sediment interface on U K' 37 . Alkenone sinking flux and U K' 37 -based temperature showed strong seasonal variability. Alkenone fluxes were higher from spring to fall than they were from fall to spring. During periods of high alkenone flux, the U K' 37 -based temperatures were lower than the contemporary SSTs, suggesting alkenone production in a well-developed thermocline (shallower than 30m). During low alkenone flux periods, the U K' 37 -based temperatures were nearly constant and were higher than the contemporary SSTs. The nearly constant carbon isotopic ratios of C 37:2 and C 38:2 alkenones suggest that alkenones produced in early fall were suspended in the surface water until sinking. The alkenone sinking flux decreased exponentially with increasing depth. The decreasing trend was enhanced during the periods of high alkenone flux,suggesting that fresh and labile particles sank from spring to fall, while old and stable particles sank from fall to spring. The U K' 37 -based temperature usually increased with increasing depth. The preservation efficiency of alkenones was ~2.7-5.2% at the water-sediment interface. Despite the significant degradation of the alkenones, there was little difference in U K' 37 levels between sinking particles and the surface sediment.

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“…Notably, e p is smaller than 10& during late summer to winter, when the respired DIC contribution increases; e p is relatively small compared with the maximum fractionation associated with Rubisco for marine photosynthetic algae (ca. 25&; Sharkey and Berry, 1985;Popp et al, 1998;Riebesell et al, 2000). This explains why d 13 C POC is not as negative as we would suspect from the availability of respired DIC.…”

Section: Impact Of Respired Dic On the Stable Carbon Isotopic Composimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…8), suggests that [CO 2 ] is not the main factor controlling e p . More likely, variations in calculated e p values, and thereby d 13 C POC variations, are mainly determined by the heterogeneity of particulate OM, i.e., from multiple planktonic sources (e.g., diatoms, cyanobacteria, green algae), all with their own 13 C fractionation patterns (Popp et al, 1998) and contributing in varying amounts to POC. In cases were e p values are small (<10&) compared to values normally associated with diffusive uptake of CO 2 (20-25&), it is likely that alternative carbon acquisition pathways are at work, such as active uptake of bicarbonate or non-Rubisco carboxylation enzymes such as PEP carboxylases, which are known to lead to considerably less fractionation in 13 C (Pancost et al, 1997;Korb et al, 1997).…”

Section: Impact Of Respired Dic On the Stable Carbon Isotopic Composimentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

Breugel

Schouten

Paetzel³

et al. 2005

Organic Geochemistry

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A negative carbon isotope shift in sedimentary organic carbon deposited in stratified marine and lacustrine systems has often been inferred to be a consequence of the process of recycling of respired and, therefore, 13 C-depleted, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) formed from mineralization of descending organic matter. To study this process, we measured d 13 C DIC and d 13 C values of particulate organic carbon (POC) over an annual cycle in the permanently stratified Kyllaren fjord in Norway. A notable accumulation of respired DIC below the chemocline was evident from the substantially 13 Cdepleted DIC (ca. À19&). Especially in autumn to early spring, respired DIC from the deep anoxic water is mixed into the oxygenated surface water and the calculated respired DIC contribution to the total DIC pool was up to $40% in early spring in the upper 2 m of the water column. At 4 m depth, just below the chemocline, the respired DIC contribution reaches ca. 90% of the total DIC pool. Assimilation of the respired DIC seems to exert only a small effect on d 13 C POC , which has an average d 13 C value of À24&. The measured photoautotrophic fractionation (e p ) was low (<10&) during the majority of the year. This is likely responsible for reducing the apparent impact of recycling of respired DIC on d 13 C POC . However, in June 2002, photoautotrophic use of the 13 C-depleted DIC is obvious from a 13 C-depletion of POC (À33.7&) derived from a bloom of the protist Euglena sp.

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Effect of Phytoplankton Cell Geometry on Carbon Isotopic Fractionation

Cited by 629 publications

References 52 publications

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Seasonal and depth variations in molecular and isotopic alkenone composition of sinking particles from the western North Pacific

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

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Effect of Phytoplankton Cell Geometry on Carbon Isotopic Fractionation

Cited by 629 publications

References 52 publications

Diatom δ13C, δ15N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Diatom δ13C, δ15N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Seasonal and depth variations in molecular and isotopic alkenone composition of sinking particles from the western North Pacific

The impact of recycling of organic carbon on the stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in a stratified marine system (Kyllaren fjord, Norway)

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Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition