Effect of pickling process on removal of oxide layer on the surface of ferritic stainless steel

Shi, Peiyang; Shi, Haonan; Liu, Chengjun; Jiang, Maofa

doi:10.1080/00084433.2017.1405540

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The hydrochloric acid serves to remove the passivating oxide layer on the surface of the steel, allowing for better adhesion of the coating to the substrate. 32 2.2. Preparation of Solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sol–Gel-Derived Bioactive and Antibacterial Multi-Component Thin Films by the Spin-Coating Technique

Soule

Chomorro

Chuong

et al. 2020

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Although metallic alloys commonly used as prosthetics are durable and mechanically strong, they are often bioinert and lack antibacterial properties. Implementing a bioactive glass material with antibacterial properties as a coating on a metallic substrate provides mechanical strength and bioactivity, as well as antibacterial properties. Many coating methods have been extensively investigated; however, most of them can be expensive, are difficult to scale up, or do not form thin films, which could prevent their translation to clinical practice. The formation of thin films by spin-coating multi-component solution–gelation (sol–gel)-derived glass with antibacterial and bioactive properties has not been achieved previously. For this study, stainless steel 316L substrates were spin-coated with a sol–gel-derived bioactive and antibacterial glass coating in SiO2 58.3–P2O5 7.1–CaO 25.6–Al2O5 5.4–Ag2O 2.1–Na2O 1.5 wt% system (Ag-BG). A sol–gel processing condition that avoids elemental separation upon spin-coating when sintering happens at below the calcination temperature (500 °C) has been developed. This work demonstrates that silver reduction occurs when the concentrations of other cations such as Ca2+ and Na+ in the solution increase. Increasing the stirring duration time prior to the increase of cations, Ag+ ions are stabilized by aluminum tetrahedra, and their reduction to metallic silver does not occur. This study also shows that large dilution ratios (water:tetraethyl orthosilicate) greater than 25:1, accompanied by long stirring durations, produce morphologically homogeneous coatings. Using this strategy, thin films were formed with antibacterial properties against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm and biological responses that promote eukaryotic cell adhesion and proliferation. In total, the improved synthesis strategy opens new avenues for the development of novel bioactive and antibacterial thin-film coatings, as it reveals the processing characteristics that control the physicochemical and morphological properties of the formed films.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, each sample was immersed in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid for 3 min, followed by three washes in distilled water, rinsing with ethanol, and air drying. The hydrochloric acid serves to remove the passivating oxide layer on the surface of the steel, allowing for better adhesion of the coating to the substrate …”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–Gel-Derived Bioactive and Antibacterial Multi-Component Thin Films by the Spin-Coating Technique

Soule

Chomorro

Chuong

et al. 2020

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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show abstract

“…Therefore, the oxide layer on the surface needs to be cleaned before use or further processing of the hot-rolled steel. However, compared to low-alloy steel, the oxide layer on the stainless steel is so tightly connected with the substrate that only mechanical shot peening or strong acid pickling can be applied to remove it in the industry [3,4]. In this process, the efficiency of cleaning is low and the degree of environmental pollution is also great.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Laser Cleaning for Hot-Rolled Stainless Steel by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Xing

2021

Metals

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Laser cleaning is a competitive alternative to ablate and remove the hard oxide layer on hot-rolled stainless steel. To meet the practical demand, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for real-time monitoring of the cleaning process in this study. Furthermore, the as-received and laser cleaned surfaces were characterized by an optical micrograph, an X-ray diffractometer, and a laser scanning confocal microscope. The results showed the relative intensity ratio (RIR) of the FeI emission line at 520.9 nm and the CrI emission line at 589.2 could be a quantitative index to monitor the cleaning process. When the oxide layer was not fully cleaned, the LIBS signals of the substrate were not excited, and the ratio was almost invariant as the power of the laser increased. However, it sharply increased once the oxide layer was effectively cleaned, the cleaned surface was bright, and the surface roughness was smaller in this case. Subsequently, as the surface was over-cleaned with the further increase of laser power, the RIR value remained large. The optimal laser cleaning parameters obtained by the monitoring were determined to avoid re-oxidation and reduce the roughness of the cleaned surface.

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“…Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a kind of weak acid that can lead MgO to dissolve into water or ethanol, i.e. being able to remove the oxides on Mg alloy powders, so it is widely used to pre-treat Mg alloy workpiece surface prior to electroplating [27,28]. The concentration of HF in solution and corresponding treating time not only have large effect on oxide removal, but also on alloy loss resulted from corrosion [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing of graphene nanoplatelets with magnesium alloy powders by electrostatic adsorption

Wang

Chen

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Mg matrix composites reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) offers an efficient approach for improving the mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Unfortunately, the poor uniform dispersion of GNPs into Mg matrix vastly restricts their development. In addition, surface oxidation of Mg alloy powders is always serious. To alleviate these issues, pickling and surface modification technologies of ZK61 Mg alloy powders and mixing process with GNPs have been investigated. The results show that ZK61 alloy powders with smooth surface and low degree of oxidation can be obtained after being simultaneously mechanically stirred and ultrasonically treated for 30 min in a 0.2 vol% HF ethanol solution. They were then rinsed and dried, and modified by 0.3% wt% cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to carry a positive charge. Subsequently, GNPs ethanol suspension was poured into the modified ZK61 alloy powders solution and mechanically stirred for 10 min, and then a powder mixture that GNPs randomly attached on the Mg powders was obtained after drying.XPS analysis reveals that GNPs were adsorbed on the surfaces of the modified Mg powders by the mechanism of electrostatic adsorption. The achieved method for preparing GNPs/ZK61 alloy mixture powders provides a new strategy for fabricating Mg matrix composites reinforced by uniformly distributed GNPs.

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Effect of pickling process on removal of oxide layer on the surface of ferritic stainless steel

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Sol–Gel-Derived Bioactive and Antibacterial Multi-Component Thin Films by the Spin-Coating Technique

Sol–Gel-Derived Bioactive and Antibacterial Multi-Component Thin Films by the Spin-Coating Technique

Real-Time Monitoring of Laser Cleaning for Hot-Rolled Stainless Steel by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Mixing of graphene nanoplatelets with magnesium alloy powders by electrostatic adsorption

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