Effect of Plant- and Fish-Oil Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Counteraction of n-3 Fatty Acid Shortage in Adult Rats Fed a Lard Diet

Nakashima, Yoko; Sato, Akie; Saito, Miki

doi:10.3177/jnsv.55.346

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Many reports showed that diets enriched with fish-oil containing n-3 polyunsaturated FAs reduce blood lipid concentration (16,(27)(28)(29). In this study, although consumption of the FD in rats fed the ZnD diet was lower than that in rats fed the ZnA diet, the plasma and liver lipid concentration of the ZnD rats was significantly lower than that of the ZnA rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…We reported previously that when rats that had been fed either the LD or the FD for 6 wk were placed on a self-selection regimen of both diets, both groups of rats counteracted the shortage of FAs at the beginning of the self-selection period and consumed the LD and the FD to maintain n-6 FAs/n-3 FAsϭ2.7 (16). From these results, we assumed that rats had the ability to self-select lipids in an adequate essential FA ratio spontaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the fish-oil-HFD prevented overconsumption of fats ( 14 , 15 ). Although fish-oil is nutritionally less desirable, when rats were placed on a self-selection regimen of a lard diet (LD) and a fish-oil diet (FD), they had the ability to consume both diets to obtain an adequate ratio of essential FAs ( 16 ). We also reported that the lard-HFD had food properties preferable to those of the LFDs because energy density (kcal/g) of the HFD is higher than those of the LFDs ( 17 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rats Allowed to Self-Select Zinc-Deficient Lard and Fish-Oil Diets Did Not Develop a Preference for Fish-Oil Diet

Sato

Nakashima

2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Zinc (Zn)-deficiency causes a reduction in food intake and alters adipose metabolism. The effect of zinc restriction in rats on the selection of fish-oil and lard was studied during a period of reduced appetite. The reduction of appetite was caused by an experimentally induced Zn-deficiency. Four-week-old male rats were divided into three dietary treatment groups: Zn-adequate (ZnA, 30.9 mg Zn/kg), marginal Zn-deficient (ZnM, 5.9 mg Zn/kg) or Zn-deficient (ZnD, 0.9 mg Zn/kg). The three groups were placed on a self-selection regimen of the ZnA-fish-oil diet (ZnA-FD) and the ZnA-lard diet (ZnA-LD), the ZnM-FD and the ZnM-LD or the ZnD-FD and the ZnD-LD, respectively for 24 d. The amount of the FD intake in the ZnD group decreased to 0.5 g/d after day 4-6 of self-selecting on the LD and the FD and no significant increase in the FD intake in the group was observed during the self-selection period. However, after day 7-9 and 13-15, the FD intake of the ZnA and the ZnM groups increased, respectively, and at the end of the self-selection period the ZnM and the ZnA rats consumed about 2.0 g FD/d and 4.5 g FD/d, respectively. The FD intake ratio [FD intake (g)/total intake (g)] in the ZnD rats during the self-selection period was the lowest and that in the ZnA rats was the highest of three groups. In conclusion, we showed that zinc status alters fish-oil and lard selection patterns and ZnD rats did not show a preference for fish-oil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Rats Allowed to Self-Select Zinc-Deficient Lard and Fish-Oil Diets Did Not Develop a Preference for Fish-Oil Diet

Sato

Nakashima

2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…In addition, the fish-oil HFD guarded against the overeating of fats ( 10 ). Although fish-oil is nutritionally less desirable than lard and soybean-oil, when rats were placed on a self-selection regimen of a lard diet and a fish-oil diet they had the ability to consume both diets to obtain an adequate ratio of essential fatty acids ( 11,12 ). We also reported that the lard HFD had food properties preferable to those of the LFD because energy density (kcal/g) of the HFD is higher than that of the LFD ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc's Role in Rat Preference for a Low-Fat Diet in a Two-Choice Diet Program of Low- and High-Fat Diets

Nakashima

2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryTo investigate the change in preference for a low-fat diet (LFD) and a high-fat diet (HFD) under disorders induced by a zinc (Zn)-deficiency, two groups of 4-wk-old male rats were fed a two-choice diet of Zn-deficient (ZnD; 0.75 mg/kg) and Zn-adequate (ZnA; 30.75 mg/kg) LFD and HFD. After 21 d, 10 rats in each of the two groups were sacrificed. The remaining ZnD rats were switched to ZnA diets for 7 d. Intakes of the LFD and the HFD were measured to determine the diet preferences of the ZnD, the ZnA and the Zn-recovered groups. Energy intake of the ZnD group was significantly lower than that of the ZnA group and showed cyclical 3-to 4-d patterns of decrease. In the ZnD group, although the LFD intake decreased parallel to the reduction in the energy intake, the HFD intake did not show the cyclical pattern of decrease. The reduced intake of the LFD in the ZnD rats was accompanied by a low carbohydrate intake and a low plasma insulin concentration. When the ZnD group recovered sufficient amounts of Zn, the energy intake was restored to normal levels and the difference in the LFD intake and the plasma insulin concentration disappeared between the ZnD and the ZnA groups. It was supposed that the specific change in the LFD intake patterns during development and recovery from Zn-deficiency might be related to Znmediated changes in impaired synthesis and the release of insulin from the pancreas. Key Words zinc-deficiency, self-selection, preference for a low-fat diet, two-choice diet program, high-fat diet Zinc (Zn) is essential for animals and humans, and is required for many physiological functions. A Zn-deficiency in both animals and humans causes anorexia, a taste disorder, a poor appetite, impaired growth and dermatitis ( 1-3 ). Within 3 to 5 d after giving rats a Zndeficient (ZnD) diet, food intake is suppressed ( 3,4 ). This decrease in food intake is the first sign of Zn-deficiency, followed by other symptoms associated with Zndeficiency ( 3 ). Therefore, Zn may play an important role in the regulation of food intake.From a whole-body perspective, ZnD rats have significantly reduced body weight and carcass fat, and lower circulating leptin and insulin concentrations that play key roles in energy nutrient metabolism compared to the Zn-adequate (ZnA) rats ( 4-7 ). Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and has potent effects on body weight and food intake regulation. Another adiposity signal is insulin, which is the controller of blood glucose levels, and chronically high levels of insulin consequently lead to obesity ( 8 ). Arora and Anubhuti reported that leptin and insulin are ideal candidates for lipogenic function because their levels are closely related to adiposity, and their central administration decreases food intake ( 9 ). However, feeding is a complex behavior and the mechanisms by which Zn-deficiency induces anorexia are unclear. Zn-deficiency results in a reduction of food intake, suggesting that Zn status may affect the complex mechanisms underlying normal food intake.In a previous paper, we re...

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“…Currently, adults in the United States consume about 35% of their total daily fat from saturated fat and 20% from polyunsaturated fat [27, 28], although the recommended intake is closer to 30% and 40%, respectively [29]. Although there are relatively few studies in animals, the evidence that exists shows that chronic consumption of diets high in saturated fatty acids, such as those containing lard, compared to those high in unsaturated fatty acids, such as those with fish oil, can promote hyperphagia and weight gain while raising TG levels, even when these diets contain similar concentrations of overall fat [30, 31]. To understand possible mechanisms that underlie these disturbances, the present study examined under both acute and chronic conditions the behavioral, physiological and neurochemical effects of a diet containing relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids (HiSat), as compared to one containing higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USat).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on food intake, triglycerides, and hypothalamic peptides

Barson

Karatayev

Gaysinskaya

et al. 2012

Regulatory Peptides

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While a high-fat diet when compared to low-fat diet is known to produce overeating and health complications, less is known about the effects produced by fat-rich diets differing in their specific composition of fat. This study examined the effects of a high-fat diet containing relatively high levels of saturated compared to unsaturated fatty acids (HiSat) to a high-fat diet with higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USat). A HiSat compared to USat meal caused rats to consume more calories in a subsequent chow test meal. The HiSat meal also increased circulating levels of triglycerides (TG) and expression of the orexigenic peptides, galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and orexin (OX) in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH). A similar increase in TG levels and PVN GAL and PFLH OX was also seen in rats given chronic access to the HiSat compared to USat diet, while neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus showed decreased expression. The importance of TG in producing these changes was supported by the finding that the TG-lowering medication gemfibrozil as compared to vehicle, when peripherally administered before consumption of a HiSat meal, significantly decreased the expression of OX, while increasing the expression of NPY and AgRP. These findings substantiate the importance of the fat composition in a diet, indicating that those rich in saturated compared to unsaturated fatty acids may promote overeating by increasing circulating lipids and specific hypothalamic peptides, GAL and OX, known to preferentially stimulate the consumption of a fat-rich diet.

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Effect of Plant- and Fish-Oil Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Counteraction of n-3 Fatty Acid Shortage in Adult Rats Fed a Lard Diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Rats Allowed to Self-Select Zinc-Deficient Lard and Fish-Oil Diets Did Not Develop a Preference for Fish-Oil Diet

Rats Allowed to Self-Select Zinc-Deficient Lard and Fish-Oil Diets Did Not Develop a Preference for Fish-Oil Diet

Zinc's Role in Rat Preference for a Low-Fat Diet in a Two-Choice Diet Program of Low- and High-Fat Diets

Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on food intake, triglycerides, and hypothalamic peptides

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