Effect of Plant Extracts and Essential Oils on Pestalotiopsis Mangifera; Causing Black Spot Disease on Mango

Abstract

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae the causal organism of Mango fruits black spot, was highly isolated from three governorates in Egypt. Plant extracts of Clove, Camphor, Oleander, Gall, and Garlic, also some essential oils such as clove, mint, garlic, and camphor were tested on the inhibition, growth, and sporulation of Pestalotiopsis mangifera both under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory condition, clove plant extracts suppressed the growth of Pestalotiopsis mangiferae at all tested concentration (10, 15 and 20%). The extracts of garlic and galls had the second and third ranks, in this respect. All tested plant oils reduced the growth of Pestalotiopsis mangiferae significantly in comparison with control. Mint oil followed by camphor on had the best efficiency in reducing the fungal growth. Under field condition application of either galls and/or clove oil and clove extracts (5%) gave the best result. Moreover, the average number of healthy fruits per tree recorded 35 and 34, respectively, in response to the application of galls and clove plant extracts. Also, the Shelf-life period of mango fruit; both artificially inoculated with Pestalotiopsis mangiferae or not; was increased in response to the application of either plant extracts and/or plant oil; significantly.