Effect of plant growth regulators on flower development in the grapevine (<i>Vilis vinifera</i>L.) cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

Khurshid, T.; Jackson, D. I.; Rowe, R. N.

doi:10.1080/01140671.1992.10421778

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We could not relate this observation to the loose phenotype of VP11 because the authors performed the experiment on Pinot Gris clone R6, a somewhat compact clone. Interestingly, GA ac applied on 1 cm inflorescence (around early E-L 13) induced an increase of flower number and branching (Khurshid et al, 1992) and we observed higher number of flowers in VP11, although less number of nodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Phenotypic, Hormonal, and Genomic Variation Among Vitis vinifera Clones With Different Cluster Compactness and Reproductive Performance

et al. 2019

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Previous studies showed that the number of berries is a major component of the compactness level of the grapevine clusters. Variation in number of fruits is regulated by events occurring in the fruitset, but also before during the flower formation and pollination, through factors like the initial number of flowers or the gametic viability. Therefore, the identification of the genetic bases of this variation would provide an invaluable knowledge of the grapevine reproductive development and useful tools for managing yield and cluster compactness. We performed the phenotyping of four clones (two compact and two loose clones) of the Tempranillo cultivar with reproducible different levels of cluster compactness over seasons. Measures of reproductive performance included flower number per inflorescence, berry number per cluster, fruitset, coulure, and millerandage indices. Besides, their levels of several hormones during the inflorescence and flower development were determined, and their transcriptomes were evaluated at critical time points (just before the start and at the end of flowering). For some key reproductive traits, like number of berries per cluster and number of seeds per berry, clones bearing loose clusters showed differences with the compact clones and also differed from each other, indicating that each one follows different paths to produce loose clusters. Variation between clones was observed for abscisic acid and gibberellins levels at particular development stages, and differences in GAs could be related to phenotypic differences. Likewise, various changes between clones were found at the transcriptomic level, mostly just before the start of flowering. Several of the differentially expressed genes between one of the loose clones and the compact clones are known to be over-expressed in pollen, and many of them were related to cell wall modification processes or to the phenylpropanoids metabolism. We also found polymorphisms between clones in candidate genes that could be directly involved in the variation of the compactness level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Phenotypic, Hormonal, and Genomic Variation Among Vitis vinifera Clones With Different Cluster Compactness and Reproductive Performance

et al. 2019

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“…With regard to treatment effects on berry development and bunch architecture, differences in bunch zone temperature during key stages of development may have led to the degradation of gibberellin, the hormone responsible for cell expansion, bunch morphology and berry size control (Dokoozlian and Peacock ). This in turn may have partially inhibited the elongation of the rachis (Khurshid et al ). In addition to this, the limitation of imposed ‘sources’ in later‐pruned vines may have reduced the differentiation of inflorescence primordia within latent buds during spring and summer of the previous season, thus reducing branching potential in bunch compactness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delaying winter pruning, after pre-pruning, alters budburst, leaf area, photosynthesis, yield and berry composition in Sangiovese (Vitis viniferaL.)

Silvestroni

Lanari

Lattanzi

et al. 2018

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims Earlier ripening of grapes due to global warming could be mitigated by delaying hand pruning on pre‐pruned canes. Hand pruning on pre‐pruned vines was delayed until after distal buds on canes had burst for Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) vines, and the effect on phenology, canopy development, leaf gas exchange, yield and berry development and composition was assessed. Methods and Results Pre‐pruned vines, which were subsequently hand‐pruned during winter, were compared to vines where hand pruning was delayed (DP) until shoots from distal nodes of canes had burst and developed 3–4 (DP3) or 7–8 (DP7) expanded leaves. Delayed pruning delayed budburst by about 30 days in DP3 vines and 37–47 days in DP7 vines, which led to a slowing of canopy development and berry growth. Veraison was delayed by between 10 and 20 days. Yield was substantially reduced by delaying hand pruning but the concentration of phenolic substances and the acidity of berries was increased. Conclusions Delaying hand pruning on vines that had already been pre‐pruned delayed budburst, anthesis and veraison, reduced yield and significantly affected berry composition. The magnitude of these effects increased with the length of the pruning delay. Significance of the Study Delaying hand pruning on pre‐pruned grapevines may represent a promising technique to mitigate against some of the deleterious effects of global warming in vineyards.

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“…Bunch morphology and berry size are economically important traits for several grape varieties and are often controlled with the aid of GA applications (Weaver, 1961; Khurshid et al , 1992; Dokoozlian and Peacock, 2001). In wine varieties, GA treatment is performed at bloom (anthesis) to achieve loosening and better aeration of the bunches, rendering them less susceptible to fungal rot, whereas in table varieties treatment is often performed after fruit-set mainly to increase berry size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellin metabolism in Vitis vinifera L. during bloom and fruit-set: functional characterization and evolution of grapevine gibberellin oxidases

Giacomelli

Rota‐Stabelli

Masuero

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Botany

104

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Gibberellins (GAs) are involved in the regulation of flowering and fruit-set in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), but the molecular mechanisms behind this process are mostly unknown. In this work, the family of grapevine GA oxidases involved in the biosynthesis and deactivation of GAs was characterized. Six putative GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), three GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox), and eight GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) proteins, the latter further divided into five C19-GA 2ox and three C20-GA2ox proteins, were identified. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a common origin of the GA3ox and C19-GA2ox groups and challenge previous evolutionary models. In vitro analysis revealed that all GA3ox and GA20ox enzymes prefer substrates of the non-13-hydroxylation pathway. In addition, ectopic expression of GA2ox genes in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed the activity of their encoded proteins in vivo. The results show that bioactive GA1 accumulates in opening grapevine flowers, whereas at later developmental stages only GA4 is detected in the setting fruit. By studying the expression pattern of the grapevine GA oxidase genes in different organs, and at different stages of flowering and fruit-set, it is proposed that the pool of bioactive GAs is controlled by a fine regulation of the abundance and localization of GA oxidase transcripts.

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Effect of plant growth regulators on flower development in the grapevine (Vilis viniferaL.) cv. Cabernet Sauvignon

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Phenotypic, Hormonal, and Genomic Variation Among Vitis vinifera Clones With Different Cluster Compactness and Reproductive Performance

Phenotypic, Hormonal, and Genomic Variation Among Vitis vinifera Clones With Different Cluster Compactness and Reproductive Performance

Delaying winter pruning, after pre-pruning, alters budburst, leaf area, photosynthesis, yield and berry composition in Sangiovese (Vitis viniferaL.)

Gibberellin metabolism in Vitis vinifera L. during bloom and fruit-set: functional characterization and evolution of grapevine gibberellin oxidases

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