Effect of plasma nitriding and modulation structure on the adhesion and corrosion resistance of CrN/Cr2O3 coatings

Nanoindentation of Chromium Oxide Possessing Superior Hardness among Atomic-Layer-Deposited Oxides

“…Chromium (III) oxide has been researched as a corrosion- and wear-resistant, mechanically protective hard coating, a component in glasses and glass ceramics, a cermet-type hard material or in other composites or as a sintering additive [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Some research has been focused on doped and pristine Cr 2 O 3 ’s optical, magnetic, catalytic or sensory properties [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…A number of different physical and chemical methods have been employed to produce Cr 2 O 3 or the materials containing it. The physical techniques have included detonation and plasma spraying, different magnetron sputtering techniques and pulsed laser deposition [ 1 , 2 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 15 , 24 ]. The chemical techniques have included thermal decomposition of or co-precipitation from Cr(NO 3 ) 3 ∙9H 2 O, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from CrCl 3 and H 2 O at 900 °C or CrO 3 and I 2 at 500 °C, metal–organic chemical vapor deposition from Cr(CO) 6 , laser-assisted CVD from O 2 and Cr(CO) 6 and atomic layer deposition (ALD) from CrO 2 Cl 2 and CH 3 OH precursors or from chromium acetyl acetonate and ozone [ 9 , 13 , 14 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Efecto de la nitruración previa en la adhesión y la resistencia al desgaste de recubrimientos PVD de Cr/CrN depositados sobre acero AISI 4140

“…Los recubrimientos cerámicos binarios, como el nitruro de titanio (TiN), nitruro de cromo (CrN), carburo de titanio (TiC), entre otros, son ampliamente utilizados en piezas con diversas aplicaciones, como herramientas de corte y conformado (Smolik et al, 2004), partes de sistemas en movimiento en ambientes agresivos (Kowalksi y Stachowiak, 2021) y piezas utilizadas en la industria automotriz y aeronáutica (Szparaga et al, 2019;Bayón et al, 2011) debido a su alta dureza, bajo coeficiente de rozamiento y alta resistencia al desgaste y a la corrosión. En particular, el nitruro de cromo presenta un coeficiente de rozamiento menor que el nitruro de titanio (Tang et al, 2019). Entre las técnicas aplicadas para la deposición de estos recubrimientos se destacan los procesos por PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition).…”

Influence of elevated temperature and reduced pressure on the degradation of iron nitride compound layer formed by plasma nitriding in AISI D2 tool steels

“…[9][10][11][12] In the past, the formation of a 'black' layer was often reported for low-alloy steels and associated with reduced adhesion of the PVD coatings. [5][6][7][8][9] However, Podgornik et al 3,13 reported an improved wear behavior for the PVD coatings, which were deposited on plasma nitrided AISI 4140 substrates that still contained a dense CL with γ ′ -Fe 4 N as the main component. According to Dalke et al 14 the decomposition of the CL and the formation of a 'black' layer also occurred in plasma nitrided steels with a higher concentration of alloying elements (AISI D2), which were used as substrates for PVD Cr-Al-Ti-B-N coatings deposited at 480 • C. Baek et al 11,15 reported that the decomposition of the iron nitride CL to the 'black' layer is a result of the ion bombardment (ion cleaning) preceding the PVD process.…”

“…Plasma nitriding (PN) is an established technique for thermochemical surface treatment, which is employed to enhance the fatigue limits as well as the wear and corrosion resistance of highly loaded tools and automotive parts 1‐3 . In duplex applications, PN is followed by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) of a hard protective coating 4‐7 . The main benefit of the duplex surface treatment is the synergy of the individual techniques.…”