Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Meningitis, England and Wales, July 1, 2000–June 30, 2016

Abstract

We describe the effects of the 7-valent (PCV7) and 13-valent (PCV13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in England and Wales during July 1, 2000–June 30, 2016. Overall, 84,473 laboratory-confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease cases, including 4,160 (4.9%) cases with meningitis, occurred. PCV7 implementation in 2006 did not lower overall pneumococcal meningitis incidence because of replacement with non–PCV7-type meningitis incidence. Replacement with PCV13 in 2010, however, led to a 48% reduction in pneumococcal meningitis incidence by 2015–16. The overall case-fatality rate was 17.5%: 10.7% among patients <5 years of age, 17.3% among patients 5–64 years of age, and 31.9% among patients > 65 years of age. Serotype 8 was associated with increased odds of death (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.8–4.7). In England and Wales, an effect on pneumococcal meningitis was observed only after PCV13 implementation. Further studies are needed to assess pneumococcal meningitis caused by the replacing serotypes.

Impact of PCV‐13 vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalised children: A multi‐institutional analysis

“…They also reported that children with underlying chronic conditions were more prone to develop IPD from non‐PCV13 serotypes 21 . A surprising finding in our data—no change in hospitalisation rate for pneumococcal meningitis post‐PCV13—could also be related to serotype conversion, as in a British study which found no change in pneumococcal meningitis incidence after PCV7, with decrease only after PCV13 was introduced 22 …”

“…21 A surprising finding in our data-no change in hospitalisation rate for pneumococcal meningitis post-PCV13-could also be related to serotype conversion, as in a British study which found no change in pneumococcal meningitis incidence after PCV7, with decrease only after PCV13 was introduced. 22 Another possible explanation for the rise in IPD hospitalisations may be a trend towards admission rather than outpatient care. Tam et al reported that even with a reduction in the overall IPD diagnoses in the post-PCV13 period, an increased proportion of patients with IPD were hospitalised for their care.…”

Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and purulent meningitis among children ˂5 years in Cameroon, 2011–2018

“…Specifically, the vaccine serotypes 1, 6A/B, 19A, and 23F were not identified by the end of the surveillance period. Similar trends in VST pneumococcal meningitis reduction have been reported previously in some Sub-Saharan African countries and elsewhere [10,12,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. In The Gambia, PCV13 implementation in 2011 (following the switch from PCV7) resulted in reductions in invasive pneumococcal diseases [31].…”

“…reported [29,32]. Part of the shift also may be due to replacement of VSTs by NVSTs due to PCV13 effectiveness, a phenomenon which has been documented globally [27,28,33].…”

Trends in Pediatric Meningitis in South Korea during 2009 to 2017: Analysis of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database

“…Immunization of children is effective for disease prevention worldwide. From 2000 to 2015 in particular, the frequency and mortality rates of meningitis due to S. pneumoniae and type B H. influenzae were reduced following the active implementation of conjugate vaccines worldwide [23,24]. In addition, in Japan, which shares climate and infectious disease characteristics with Korea, a recent study has shown that the frequency of bacterial meningitis has been decreasing since the last several years owing to increased vaccinations against H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae [25].…”