Effect of pollution on polychromed ceramic statues

Pérez-Rodríguez, J. L.; Maqueda, C.; Haro, M.C. Jiménez de; Rodríguez-Rubio, Pablo

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00337-3

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As a pigment, it can be natural or synthetic, and the particles' morphology and composition can clarify its origin [162,164]. It is expected to form as a degradation product of Cu containing pigments, or artefacts such as bronzes, in presence of humidity and chloride anions [115,119,121,158,160,165,166]. It is however not stable in acidic conditions (oxalic acid, for example), which promotes the formation of mooloite (CuC 2 O 4 ·nH 2 O) [127].…”

Section: Copper Chlorides (Atacamite Paratacamite Clinoatacamite Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degradation processes of the various Pb pigments yield a range of compounds which cause discolouration, strongly affecting the readability of the polychromy [200]. Lead pigments on ceramic artefacts are sensitive to sulphur containing pollutants, to acidic solutions (rain; CO 2 ; microbial activity), to light and air: anglesite PbSO 4 , cerussite PbCO 3 , hydrocerussite 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2 and lead sulphide PbS are formed [166]. Anglesite, attributed to lead pigment degradation was identified on wall paintings as well [214].…”

Section: Lead (Z = 82)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the formed lead sulphate (PbSO 4 ) is not sufficiently stable to make the treatment recommended [139,212]. Humidity seems to be involved in many degradation processes, especially in synergy with atmospheric pollutants such as SO 2 and NO x [9,64,166]. The presence of sulphuric pollutants is responsible for the formation of lead sulphide, lead sulphates, and cerussite/hydrocerussite [124,166].…”

Section: Leadwhite (2pbco 3 ·Pb(oh) 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humidity seems to be involved in many degradation processes, especially in synergy with atmospheric pollutants such as SO 2 and NO x [9,64,166]. The presence of sulphuric pollutants is responsible for the formation of lead sulphide, lead sulphates, and cerussite/hydrocerussite [124,166]. The sensitivity of leadwhite to laser light was studied extensively, especially with respect to laser cleaning and laser based analysis of works of art, but the alteration process is not fully understood, the binding medium probably influencing the results [70,142,150,210,215,233,234].…”

Section: Leadwhite (2pbco 3 ·Pb(oh) 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

2017

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This review is to be considered part of the development of the MEMORI dosimeter, to evaluate the impact of climate (relative humidity, temperature, illumination, etc., including volatile organic compounds) on moveable objects. In the framework of the MEMORI project, Ghent University was given the task to assess pigment degradation upon acetic acid exposure, and to collect information on pigments' stability. Moreover, to obtain a wider knowledge on the stability of common pigments, the effect of a variety of parameters was reviewed from literature. Discolouration and degradation of pigments significantly alter the legibility of polychrome works of art, so that the development of monitoring methods to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage objects is of primary importance.

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Section: Copper Chlorides (Atacamite Paratacamite Clinoatacamite Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lead (Z = 82)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leadwhite (2pbco 3 ·Pb(oh) 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leadwhite (2pbco 3 ·Pb(oh) 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

2017

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“…In [36], they investigated the effect of air pollution on the alteration of the polychrome on ceramic statues outdoor-located using a portable fine gas analyser and X-ray diffraction (XRD).…”

Section: Some Real Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust detection and analysis in museum environment based on pattern recognition

et al. 2015

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Micro‐Raman spectroscopy analysis of 16th century Portuguese Ferreirim Masters oil paintings

Benquerença

Mendes

Castellucci

et al. 2009

J Raman Spectroscopy

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In the present work a set of eight altarpieces of the 16th century (1532-1534), attributed to the Ferreirim Masters (Gregório Lopes, Garcia Fernandes and Cristóvão de Figueiredo), from the Santo António de Ferreirim Monastery (North of Portugal), were analysed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. For this purpose some samples were taken from the paintings to characterise its artist's 'school'. It was found that the preparation was made with chalk and gypsum and the palette composed mainly of lamp black, azurite, lead white (mixed with other pigments), lead-tin yellow type I, goethite (the main constituent of yellow ochre), red lead (as under painting), haematite (the main constituent of red ochre) and vermilion. Indigo was detected in one sample. Some derivatives and degradation products were found mainly in the panels subjected to high temperatures during a fire occurred in 1954: a degradation product from massicot or red lead, lead carbonate (dehydrated derivative of lead white), bassanite and anhydrite (hemi-and dehydrated forms of gypsum). These results are compared with those of previous total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) analyses.

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Effect of pollution on polychromed ceramic statues

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments

Dust detection and analysis in museum environment based on pattern recognition

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy analysis of 16th century Portuguese Ferreirim Masters oil paintings

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