Effect of polyacetylenic acids from Prunella vulgaris on various plant pathogens

Abstract

Aims: This study is aiming at characterizing antifungal substances from the methanol extract of Prunella vulgaris and at investigating those substances’ antifungal and antioomycete activities against various plant pathogens. Methods and Results: Two polyacetylenic acids were isolated from P. vulgaris as active principles and identified as octadeca‐9,11,13‐triynoic acid and trans‐octadec‐13‐ene‐9,11‐diynoic acid. These two compounds inhibited the growth of Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani, and Phytophthora capsici. In addition, these two compounds and the wettable powder‐type formulation of an n‐hexane fraction of P. vulgaris significantly suppressed the development of rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and red pepper anthracnose. Conclusions: These data show that the extract of P. vulgaris and two polyacetylenic acids possess antifungal and antioomycete activities against a broad spectrum of tested plant pathogens. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on the occurrence of octadeca‐9,11,13‐triynoic acid and trans‐octadec‐13‐ene‐9,11‐diynoic acid in P. vulgaris and their efficacy against plant diseases. The crude extract containing the two polyacetylenic acids can be used as a natural fungicide for the control of various plant diseases.

NF-κB-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina in Macrophages RAW 264.7

“…lilacina [27], and our research confirmed that this fraction indeed contained lipophilic compounds such as hexadecanoic acid, ethyl palmitate, and ( Z , Z , Z )-ethyl ester-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid. It is well known that polyacetylenic acids have a therapeutic potential as antifungals and anti-oomycetes [27] while hexadecanoic acid, as an anti-inflammatory agent, has shown significant inhibitory activity against phospholipase A2 [28]. These reports are consistent with our results suggesting either that very potent unidentified anti-inflammatory compounds may be present in the hexane fraction of P. vulgaris var.…”

The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants

“…Polygala senega L. Polygalaceae Seneca snakeroot snakebite root [15] Root: triterpenoid saponin senegin-II [376] Root: triterpenoid saponins (senegin III, senegin IV) [377] Root: oligosaccharide esters (senegose A, senegose B, senegose C, senegose D, senegose E) [378] Root: oligosaccharide esters (senegose F, senegose G, senegose H, senegose I) [379] Root: oligosaccharide esters (senegose J, senegose K, senegose L, senegoseM, senegose N, senegose O) [380] [15] Plant: lignan aviculin; flavonoids (juglanin, avicularin, astragalin, and betmidin) [384] Plant: naphthoquinone 6-methoxyplumbagin, also β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, and 5,6,7,4 -tetramethoxyflavanone [385] Aerial parts: flavonoids (avicularin, liquiritin, cinaroside) [386] Plant Leaves: drimane sesquiterpenoids (polygonic acid, 11-ethoxycinnamolide, polygodial acetal, valdiviolide, and fuegin), drimane norsesquiterpenoids (isopolygonal and polygonone) [393] Leaves: flavonoids (7,4 -dimethylquercetin, 3 -methylquercetin, quercetin, isoquercitrin) [394] Leaves: flavonoid sulfates (quercetin 3-sulfate, isorhamnetin 3,7-disulfate, and tamarixetin 3-glucoside-7-sulfate) [395] Leaves Sprout: drimane sesquiterpenoids (polygodial, warburganal) [397] Sprout: flavonoid (2R,3R)-(+)-taxifolin (showed tyrosinase inhibition) [398] Aerial parts: sucrose cinnamyl esters (hydropiperoside A, hydropiperoside B, vanicoside A, vanicoside B, vanicoside E) [399] Sprout: essential oil [β-caryophyllene (9.3%), α-humulene (6.0%), Leaf EO: selin-1 1-en-4α-ol (14.9%), cis-eudesma-6,11-diene (9.4%), 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (8.0%), spathulenol (5.8%) and germacrene D (5.1%) [402] Leaf EO: aromadendrene (55.4%), cucumber alcohol (8.5%) and phytol (5.1%) [403] Aerial parts: rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid [404] Aerial parts: rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid [405] Aerial parts: four triterpenes, i.e., betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 2α,3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, and 2α-hydroxyursolic acid [406] Aerial parts: polyacetylenic acids (octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid and trans-octadec-13-ene-9,11-diynoic acid [407] oleanane Aerial parts: polyphenolics (butyl rosmarinate, ethyl rosmarinate, methyl rosmarinate, rosmarinic acid, 3,4,α-trihydroxy-methyl phenylpropionate, and p-coumaric acid) [410] Aerial parts: phenolics (quercetin, rutin, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic ac...…”

Antifungal Evaluation and Phytochemical Identification of Selected Botanicals against Ceratocystis manginecans Causing Mango Sudden Death

“…Similarly, Bokhari et al [36] who revealed that GC-MS analysis of crude ethanol extract of C. colocynthis contained the major components Eicosanoic acid, 2-Heptadecenal and l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2, 6-dihexadecanoate, were responsible for antifungal efficacy. Moreover, Yoon et al [37] reported that Octadeca-9,11,13triynoic acid and trans-octadec-13-ene-9,11-diynoic acid exhibited colony growth inhibition of selected phytopathogenic fungi. These fatty acids can be used as alternative methods for integrated management of phytopathogenic microbes.…”