Effect of polyamines on somatic embryogenesis via mature embryo in wheat

Abstract

Plant tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis plays a key role in wheat genetic transformation studies. Therefore, the production of embryogenic calli with a high regeneration capacity is a prerequisite for efficient plant regeneration. Although immature embryos are the best type of explants for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis, the use of mature embryos has remarkable advantages compared to immature embryos as explants. However, the regeneration capacity of mature embryos is still lower than that of immature embryos. Plant regeneration from somatic embryos can only occur when they are mature enough. Moreover, the maturation of somatic embryos and their conversion into plantlets is closely associated with the used plant growth regulators. Polyamines are major components in the formation of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. In this study, the effect of three types of polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in wheat was evaluated. Although the effect of polyamines on embryogenic callus formation was not significant, their effect on responded embryogenic callus rate and plant regeneration efficiency was very significant. The highest responded embryogenic callus rate and highest regeneration efficiency were obtained on MS medium containing putrescine. Unlike other polyamines, an increase in putrescine concentration promoted a higher number of regenerated plants. The highest values for responded embryogenic callus and regeneration efficiency were determined in 1 mM concentration of putrescine. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were successfully established in soil, producing fertile seeds.

Enhanced production of bioactive compound in the callus culture of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. with the improved biomass accumulation

“…They engage in several stress reactions triggering cell division and differentiation (Liu et al 2015), and could be an endogenous regulator for plant growth or hormonal messengers (Davis 2004). Several ndings showed a strong association between polyamine level and several fundamental processes (cell division, tissue differentiation, organogenesis and embryogenesis alongwith macromolecular biosynthesis) (Aydin et al 2016). Polyamines interact with phytohormones enhancing the production of callus in M. charantia (Thiruvengadam et al 2012), P. gerardiana (Ravindra and Nataraja 2013) and Phoenix dactylifera (Ibrahim et al 2014).…”

HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS INDUCED FROM ROOT EXPLATS OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

“…They also act as intracellular mediators of hormonal activity and are present in all plant cells (Steward et al, 1999), and in the literature on the use of plant protection products (Sequeramutiozabal et al, 2016). Polyamines participate in the somatic embryo formation pathway, and inhibit the synthesis of ethylene, which, in turn, is an inhibitor of embryogenesis and morphogenesis (Kumar et al, 2008;Faust and Wang, 2010;Aydin et al, 2016;El Dawayati, 2018).…”

“…Polyamines have been studied in the induction of embryogenic calli; of wich prutecine, spermine and spermidine are the most commonly reported for this use (Aydin et al, 2016). Putrescine was successful in callus induction in oil palm (Rajesh et al, 2003).…”

Role of activated charcoal and amino acids in developing an efficient regeneration system for foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) using leaf base segments

“…Direct plant regeneration is a valuable approach to reduce the culture duration and to minimize the somaclonal variation extensively (Burner and Grisham 1995;Satish et al 2015). The efficient and reproducible in vitro plant regeneration is a first step for successful biotechnological application in crop improvement to achieve the requirement of food in the shortest period (Parmar et al 2012;Sivanesan et al 2015;Aydin et al 2016). However, the effective utilization of plant tissue culture relies on the interaction between culture media, explants, plant species and environmental growth conditions (Chutipaijit and Sutjaritvorakul 2018).…”