Effect of polymer architecture on the miscibility of polymer/clay mixtures

Singh, Chandralekha; Balazs, Anna C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(200005)49:5<469::aid-pi433>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] The assumption of infinitely large platelets means that the system is translationally invariant in the x-y directions and the 1D calculations are fully adequate. For the translation invariance of dependant variables, our computations virtually reproduced their published results.…”

Section: A the One-dimensional Computationssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…[6][7][8][9] The initial SCF computations showed that at a constant grafting density, g ϭ0.04, and at neutral interactions between intercalant and polymer, oh ϭ0.0, the system was miscible and the miscibility increases with the intercalant chain length, N g ͓25-100͔. Furthermore, increasing the grafting density g was shown to reduce the free energy of mixing; thus, the system may become immiscible.…”

Section: A One-dimensional Scf Model Without the Solidsolid Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study of the effects of the statistical chain length and grafting density, Balazs et al [6][7][8][9] observed that the magnitude of the binary interaction parameter between two polymers with a short statistical chain length has a relatively small effect on exfoliation. By contrast, the effect is quite pronounced for relatively long polymer chains.…”

Section: B Two-dimensional Scf Model With Solid-solid Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] The model used in the SCF calculations consists of two infinite parallel platelets immersed in a bath of molten polymer. To incorporate the concentration effects, Ginzburg et al hybridized the SCF one-dimensional ͑1D͒ model with the density functional theory ͑DFT͒ for intercalant-grafted clay platelets, 1-nm thick and with a 30-nm diameter, dispersed in a polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of polymer nanocomposites using self-consistent mean-field model

Kim

Utracki

Kamal

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Clay-containing polymeric nanocomposites (PNC) are mixtures of dispersed clay platelets in a polymeric matrix. These materials show enhancement of physical properties, such as modulus, strength, and dimensional stability, as well as a reduction of gas permeability and flammability. The performance is related to the degree of clay dispersion (i.e., intercalation or exfoliation) and the bonding between the clay and the matrix. The main goal of this work has been to map the degree of dispersion as a function of independent variables (viz., magnitude of the interaction parameters, molecular weights, composition, etc.). In this paper, we present the results of the numerical analysis of the equilibrium thermodynamic miscibility using one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) models based on the self-consistent mean-field theory. In the limit, the 2D model reproduced the 1D model published results. The adopted 2D model considers the presence of four PNC components: solid clay platelets, low molecular weight intercalant, polymeric matrix, and end-functionalized compatibilizer. The simulations, with realistic values of the binary interaction parameters, were analyzed for potential exfoliation of PNC with a polyolefin as the matrix. The simulation results show that intercalation and exfoliation is expected within limited ranges of the independent variables. The presence of a bare clay surface (e.g., generated by thermal decomposition of intercalant or extraction by molten polymer) has a strong negative effect on the dispersion process. The simulation successfully identified the most influential factors, e.g., optimum ranges of the compatibilizer and the intercalant concentration.

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Section: A the One-dimensional Computationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: A One-dimensional Scf Model Without the Solidsolid Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Two-dimensional Scf Model With Solid-solid Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of polymer nanocomposites using self-consistent mean-field model

Kim

Utracki

Kamal

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Furthermore, it was observed that the plateau moduli follow the dependence: G N 0 ϰ 1/ n PS , where PS is PS matrix volume fraction, and the exponent n ϭ 0 for PEA-system, and n ϭ 2 for ATPSsystems. These findings confirm the theoretical conclusions by Balazs and her colleagues (31,32).…”

Section: Flow Of Ps Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 2: Rheological properties

Tanoue

Utracki

García‐Rejón

et al. 2004

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Polystyrene‐based nanocomposites (PNC) were prepared using three grades of polystyrene (different molecular weights). The resin was melt‐compounded with 0 to 10 wt% of commercial organoclay in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. Owing to thermo‐oxidative degradation the degree of dispersion was poor. The rheological properties of PNC were determined under dynamic and steady state shear as well as under extensional flow conditions. At the higher clay content, dynamic strain sweep demonstrated that the storage and loss moduli decrease continuously with an increase of strain. To characterize this nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, the Fourier‐transform rheology was applied. The low strain frequency sweep showed that the storage and loss moduli increase with organoclay content. The extracted zero‐shear viscosity data were used to calculate the intrinsic viscosity and then the aspect ratio of dispersions. In spite of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, the time‐temperature superposition was observed in the full range of concentration. The horizontal and vertical shift factors were found to be almost independent of organoclay content and molecular weight of PS. For comparison, PNC was also prepared by the solution method. A high degree of dispersion was obtained, reflected in the aspect ratio: p = 269, to be compared with p = 16 calculated for the melt‐compounded PNC. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1061–1076, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites

Kamal

Uribe-Calderón

2012

Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites

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The incorporation of nanoparticles in polymer matrices leads to improvements in several physical properties. As a result, nanocomposites have the potential to be used in various fields such as medical devices, automotive and aerospace applications, packaging, and building materials. This article attempts to describe the various types of nanoparticles and polymeric systems that have been involved in nanocomposite production. Particular emphasis is placed on polymer‐clay nanocomposites, their properties, and the issues related to their production. Thermoplastic, thermoset, biopolymer, and rubber matrices are considered. The effects of nanoclay particles on the physical properties is reported, with due consideration to rheology, mechanical, thermal, barrier and electrical properties, and crystalline morphology. Thermodynamic aspects influencing nanocomposite synthesis, deagglomeration‐delamination of nanoclay and surface energy considerations are discussed. Successful nanocomposite synthesis leading to desirable performance characteristics requires uniform nanoparticle distribution and acceptable levels of exfoliation and/or intercalation of clay, in addition to good interfacial adhesion at the polymer‐clay interface.

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Effect of polymer architecture on the miscibility of polymer/clay mixtures

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

Numerical simulation of polymer nanocomposites using self-consistent mean-field model

Numerical simulation of polymer nanocomposites using self-consistent mean-field model

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 2: Rheological properties

Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites

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