Effect of polystyrene–divinylbenzene resin sulfonation on solute retention in high-performance liquid chromatography

Chambers, Thomas K; Fritz, James S.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01208-9

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Chambers and Fritz [55] evaluated a porous (80 -100 ) styrene-copoly-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) strong cation exchange (SCX) material (55% crosslinked) with varying degree of sulfonation in HILIC-type separation of several neutral polar compounds. They were able to find a fitting of log k9 for ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, D-fructose, and dextrose obtained with 5 -30% water in ACN as eluents to the following expression…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Hemström

Irgum²

2006

J of Separation Science

1,087

818

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Separation of polar compounds on polar stationary phases with partly aqueous eluents is by no means a new separation mode in LC. The first HPLC applications were published more than 30 years ago, and were for a long time mostly confined to carbohydrate analysis. In the early 1990s new phases started to emerge, and the practice was given a name, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Although the use of this separation mode has been relatively limited, we have seen a sudden increase in popularity over the last few years, promoted by the need to analyze polar compounds in increasingly complex mixtures. Another reason for the increase in popularity is the widespread use of MS coupled to LC. The partly aqueous eluents high in ACN with a limited need of adding salt is almost ideal for ESI. The applications now encompass most categories of polar compounds, charged as well as uncharged, although HILIC is particularly well suited for solutes lacking charge where coulombic interactions cannot be used to mediate retention. The review attempts to summarize the ongoing discussion on the separation mechanism and gives an overview of the stationary phases used and the applications addressed with this separation mode in LC.

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Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Hemström

Irgum²

2006

J of Separation Science

1,087

818

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, in the cation-exchange separations of pyridines and anilines (especially those with electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring), the separations must be done under quite acidic conditions to ensure that the amines with low pK a are completely protonated. In addition, their chemical instability also makes it difficult to synthesize silica-based cation exchangers, which usually takes place under very harsh conditions [34][35][36]. For instance, silica-based strong cation exchangers with sulfonyl groups as the ion-exchange site can be prepared by three methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of silica-based hyper-crosslinked sulfonate-modified reversed stationary phases

Luo

Carr

2008

Journal of Chromatography A

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A novel type of silica-based sulfonate-modified reversed phase ( − SO 3 -HC-C 8 ) has been synthesized; it is based on a newly developed acid stable "hyper-crosslinked" C 8 derivatized reversed phase, denoted HC-C 8 . The − SO 3 -HC-C 8 phases containing controlled amounts of sulfonyl groups were made by sulfonating the aromatic hyper-crosslinked network of the HC-C 8 phase at different temperatures. The − SO 3 -HC-C 8 phases are only slightly less hydrophobic than the parent HC-C 8 phase. The added sulfonyl groups provide a unique strong cation-exchange selectivity to the hydrophobic hyper-crosslinked substrate as indicated by the very large C coefficient as shown by Snyder's hydrophobic subtraction reversed-phase characterization method. This cation-exchange activity clearly distinguishes the sulfonated phase from all other reversed phases as confirmed by the extraordinary high values of Snyder's column comparison function F s . In addition, as was found in previous studies of silica-based and zirconia-based reversed phases, a strong correlation between the cation-exchange interaction and hydrophobic interaction was observed for these sulfonated phases in studies of the retention of cationic solutes. The overall chromatographic selectivity of these − SO 3 -HC-C 8 phases is greatly enhanced by its high hydrophobicity through a "hydrophobically assisted" ion-exchange retention process.

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“…Although concentrated sulfuric acid is often used for the sulfonation of PS-DVB polymer, 3,4 recently sulfoacylated macro porous PS-DVB resins have been synthesized 5 and applied to the separation of multivalent metal cations, 6 in which size exclusion beads of highly cross-linked 5 µm polymers have been functionalized to ion-exchange capacity of around 0.4 mmol ml -1 . Since the capacity has been controlled by the degree of acylation reaction, we have tried to prepare new resins of low capacity, less than 50 µmol ml -1 , needed for the separation of amino acids in our previous study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfoacylated Macro-Porous Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Low-Capacity Cation Exchanger Selective for Amino Acids

et al. 2002

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A low-capacity cation-exchange column was newly developed for the separation of amino acids. A highly cross-linked macro-porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene co-polymer was functionalized by a sulfoacylation reaction. The exchange capacity was controllable at the acylation step. The capacity between 55 and 60 µmol/column was adequate for the practical separations in acceptable retention times. The 5-µm base polymers having average pore diameters smaller than 3 nm gave satisfactory results, and those having 1.5-nm pore was most favorable. Several isocratic elution conditions at different pH values adjusted by phosphate buffer of mM order with or without acetonitrile could provide good separations for individual classes of amino acids, i.e., acidic, neutral, hydrophobic, and basic groups. The results provided fundamental data for constructing gradient elution systems required for the simultaneous separation of protein amino acids.

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Effect of polystyrene–divinylbenzene resin sulfonation on solute retention in high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography

Synthesis and characterization of silica-based hyper-crosslinked sulfonate-modified reversed stationary phases

Sulfoacylated Macro-Porous Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Low-Capacity Cation Exchanger Selective for Amino Acids

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